Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. W. Smith)

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  1. 1
    E. Aliu ; T. Arlen ; T. Aune ; M. Beilicke ; W. Benbow ; A. Bouvier ; S. M. Bradbury ; J. H. Buckley ; V. Bugaev ; K. Byrum ; A. Cannon ; A. Cesarini ; J. L. Christiansen ; L. Ciupik ; E. Collins-Hughes ; M. P. Connolly ; W. Cui ; R. Dickherber ; C. Duke ; M. Errando ; A. Falcone ; J. P. Finley ; G. Finnegan ; L. Fortson ; A. Furniss ; N. Galante ; D. Gall ; K. Gibbs ; G. H. Gillanders ; S. Godambe ; S. Griffin ; J. Grube ; R. Guenette ; G. Gyuk ; D. Hanna ; J. Holder ; H. Huan ; G. Hughes ; C. M. Hui ; T. B. Humensky ; A. Imran ; P. Kaaret ; N. Karlsson ; M. Kertzman ; D. Kieda ; H. Krawczynski ; F. Krennrich ; M. J. Lang ; M. Lyutikov ; A. S. Madhavan ; G. Maier ; P. Majumdar ; S. McArthur ; A. McCann ; M. McCutcheon ; P. Moriarty ; R. Mukherjee ; P. Nunez ; R. A. Ong ; M. Orr ; A. N. Otte ; N. Park ; J. S. Perkins ; F. Pizlo ; M. Pohl ; H. Prokoph ; J. Quinn ; K. Ragan ; L. C. Reyes ; P. T. Reynolds ; E. Roache ; H. J. Rose ; J. Ruppel ; D. B. Saxon ; M. Schroedter ; G. H. Sembroski ; G. D. Senturk ; A. W. Smith ; D. Staszak ; G. Tesic ; M. Theiling ; S. Thibadeau ; K. Tsurusaki ; J. Tyler ; A. Varlotta ; V. V. Vassiliev ; S. Vincent ; M. Vivier ; S. P. Wakely ; J. E. Ward ; T. C. Weekes ; A. Weinstein ; T. Weisgarber ; D. A. Williams ; B. Zitzer
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2011
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-10-08
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Published by:
    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-03-06
    Publisher:
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Print ISSN:
    1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN:
    1557-3265
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Published by:
    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    Smith, A. W. ; Rohatgi, A.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1993
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    The Fermi integrals of half orders are important in the simulation of semiconductor transport processes. Several of these integrals (−1/2, 1/2, 3/2, 5/2) have been recently retabulated since the 1938 study by McDougall and Stoner [Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 237, 67 (1938)], but the derivatives were not re-evaluated. The original integral values were calculated without the aid of high speed computers by using approximate series evaluation and tabulations of exponentials and zeta functions. In addition, a discrepancy was found in the literature since the original study in 1938. The second derivative of F1/2 has been mistakenly represented as being proportional to a Fermi integral of another order. This article tabulates the half order Fermi integrals from −1/2 to 5/2 over the reduced energy range −5 to 20 in 0.25 increments. The first two derivatives of F−1/2 are also calculated by numerical integration and tabulated to aid in interpolation. It is shown that the second derivative of F1/2 is not proportional to another Fermi integral. A suitable interpolation scheme is proposed to calculate the values of the Fermi integrals of various order to high accuracy over the total reduced energy range.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  4. 4
    Ringel, S. A. ; Smith, A. W. ; MacDougal, M. H. ; Rohatgi, A.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1991
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Significant improvements in CdTe/CdS solar cell efficiency are commonly observed as a result of a postdeposition CdCl2 dip followed by a 400 °C heat treatment during cell processing which increases CdTe grain size. In this paper, we investigate the electronic mechanisms responsible for CdCl2-induced improvement in cell performance along with possible performance-limiting defects resulting from this process in molecular-beam epitaxy-grown polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells. Current density-voltage-temperature (J-V-T) analysis revealed that the CdCl2 treatment changes the dominant current transport mechanism from interface recombination/tunneling to depletion region recombination, suggesting a decrease in the density and dominance of interface states due to the CdCl2 treatment. It is shown that the change in transport mechanism is associated with (a) an increase in heterojunction barrier height from 0.56 to 0.85 eV, (b) a decrease in dark leakage current from 4.7×10−7 A/cm2 to 2.6×10−9 A/cm2 and, (c) an increase in cell Voc from 385 to 720 mV. The CdCl2 also improved the optical response of the cell. Substantial increases in the surface photovoltage and quantum efficiency accompanied by a decrease in the bias dependence of the spectral response in the CdCl2-treated structures indicate that the CdCl2 treatment improves carrier collection from the bulk as well as across the heterointerface. However, deep level transient spectroscopy measurements detected a hole trap within the CdTe depletion region of the CdCl2-treated devices at Ev + 0.64 eV which is attributed to the formation of VCd-related defects during the annealing process after the CdCl2 dip. J-V-T analysis demonstrated that this trap is the probable source of dominant recombination in the CdCl2-treated cells. An inverse correlation was found between the density of the Ev + 0.64 eV trap and cell Voc, suggesting that the heat treatment with CdCl2 may eventually limit the CdTe/CdS cell performance unless the formation of this defect complex is controlled or eliminated.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    HUNTER, J. A. A. ; KHAN, S. A. ; HOPE, E. ; BEATTIE, A. D. ; BEVERIDGE, G. W. ; SMITH, A. W. M. ; GOLDBERG, A.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1971
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2133
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  6. 6
  7. 7
    Smith, A. W.

    Brunswick, Me., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Published 1951
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    HUWS, S. A. ; BROWN, M. R. W. ; SMITH, A. W.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Published 2005
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1550-7408
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Bacterivorous protozoa and bacteria have been in co-existence since the origin of life. This co-existence has led unequivocally to the evolution of many different co-interactions. Most bacteria are ingested and digested, but many escape ingestion for various reasons. Others are ingested but evade digestion, and a few, notoriously Legionella pneumophila, even have the capacity of multiplying within the protozoan host. The aims of this study were to elucidate the interactions of various multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, Listeria monocytogenes sv4b, and Escherichia coli K12 with the amoeba, Acanthamoeba polyphaga. To evaluate the interactions, we set up co-cultures in Neffs' amoebic saline, at a multiplicity of invasion (MOI) of 1:100 of amoeba to bacteria, and a temperature of 37°C, although the effects of MOI and temperature were also assessed. Survival of bacteria and amoeba was checked at regular intervals, coupled with microscopy. It was discovered under our test conditions, that E. coli was ingested and digested by A. polyphaga, but in contrast, L. monocytogenes, had the capacity to flourish in the presence of A. polyphaga. We also report, for the first time, that all six MRSA isolates tested, survived and replicated in association with A. polyphaga, in comparison to conditions where amoebae were absent. Indeed, we also have evidence suggesting that increases in MRSA, in the presence of A. polyphaga, may be attributable to intracellular survival and replication. These findings have profound implications for the hospital environment, where Acanthamoeba sp., are also commonly isolated. In conclusion, this study illustrates the significance of protozoa as vehicles augmenting the survival of MRSA and L. monocytogenes in the environment.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    SMITH, A. W.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Published 2005
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1550-7408
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    The microhabitats favoured by protozoa are dynamic ecosystems comprising a heterogeneous microflora of bacteria and fungi as well as protozoa in a complex biofilm. Many protozoa feed by grazing on microbial biofilms, but they do not do so indiscriminately. A dynamic equilibrium will exist and the nature of the relationship changes depending on environmental conditions. The view of protozoa as the hunter and bacteria as the hunted is now recognised as overly simplistic. Some bacteria not only resist predation by protozoa, but also have become endosymbionts of free-living protozoa, demonstrating adaptation to the otherwise hostile intracellular environment. The concept that protozoa can be reservoirs for some pathogens is more widely appreciated and the catalyst for much of this work came from the observation that Legionella pneumophila infects and multiplies within some species of free-living amoebae. In addition to amplifying cell numbers, the phenotype of intra-protozoal-grown cells is quite distinct from their free-living counterparts cultured on complex laboratory media: altered surface properties, decreased susceptibility to chemical inactivation and antibiotics, and enhanced invasiveness for mammalian cells. There is significant conservation in the genes used by L. pneumophila to parasitize protozoa and macrophages and it has been proposed that co-evolution of bacteria and lower order eukaryotic cells has equipped bacteria both for environmental survival and virulence towards higher order eukaryotes. Other authors have even described protozoa as an “evolutionary gym” enabling L. pneumophila to “train” for its role in invading higher eukaryotic organisms.A growing list of bacteria and fungi that interact with protozoa confirm that the co-evolution between L. pneumophila and protozoa is not unique in nature. An emerging theme amongst many of the micro-organisms associating with protozoa is that they typically are recognised as opportunistic pathogens and many lack a recognised animal host. These features are suggestive of a relationship much closer to symbiosis which becomes parasitic only in special circumstances. The question remains why this is so? The answer could lie in co-evolution with lower order eukaryotic organisms present in biofilms.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    SMITH, A. W.

    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Published 1933
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    SMITH, A. W.

    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Published 1934
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
  13. 13
    Smith, A. W. Sam

    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] SIR - Coastal erosion is not a simple universal continuing process at all. Where it occurs, it is usually the result of a combination of many processes, and a combination that changes significantly from place to place and site to site. Hurricanes do tend to cause erosion, but not all of ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    PRATO, CATHERINE M. ; AKERS, THOMAS G. ; SMITH, A. W.

    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Published 1974
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] The latter hypothesis has now been assessed further by a serological survey for SMSV neutralising antibodies in sea lion and fur seal sera, collected in 1972, and in feral swine sera obtained in 1973. Individual blood specimens were collected from twenty mature female California sea lions on San ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
  16. 16
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary Canine calicivirus (CaCV), isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea, was readily propagated in cultures of canine cells and in a dolphin cell line. Serologic evidence indicated many dogs in at least one geographic area had been infected with CaCV, but its role as an etiologic agent of disease was not established. In cell culture most CaCV virions were strongly cell-associated making purification difficult. CaCV was established as a member of the Caliciviridae by morphology and physicochemical properties of virions (density, sedimentation rate, single major polypeptide, RNA genome size), although some of the properties differed slightly from those of previously described caliciviruses; evidence was also obtained for caliciviral RNA species in infected cells. Based on tests with antisera to numerous caliciviruses and presumed caliciviruses, CaCV appeared to be not closely related to any previously described virus except the stunting syndrome agent of chickens.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary Caliciviruses (CVs) include at least 42 distinct serotypes. Seventeen CV serotypes have been isolated from marine sources and are called San Miguel sea lion caliciviruses (SMSVs). CVs also have been isolated from reptiles, primates, and other terrestrial animals. Nucleotide sequences from portions of genome of prototype strains for six SMSV serotypes, the reptile CV, Cro-1, the cetacean CV, Tur-1, and the primate CV, Pan-1, are presented. cDNA products of the polymerase (all strains characterized) and capsid (SMSV-17) regions were produced by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using Pan-1 primers. Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid identity among these and published CV sequences indicated that the nine characterized CVs fall into a phylogenetic group that includes SMSV-1 and SMSV-4 and that is more closely related to other characterized animal CVs than to most human CVs. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that distinct genera exist among theCaliciviridae. SMSV-17 and SMSV-4 are predicted to be closer to each other than other caliciviruses of known serotype; 574 (82%) of the 704 amino acids in the SMSV-17 and SMSV-4 capsid genes were identical.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary.  The primate calicivirus, Pan-1, was originally isolated from several primate species. It displayed typical calicivirus morphology by electron micro-scopy. We determined the genomic sequence of Pan-1 by cDNA cloning and direct RNA sequencing. Pan-1 shares a similar genomic organization and a high degree of sequence identity with feline caliciviruses. The Pan-1 genome contains 8 304 nucleotides, plus a poly-A tail, and is longer than any other calicivirus strains with a completely known sequence. The extra sequences of Pan-1 include a unique 424-nucleotide sequence at the 5′ end of ORF1, additional amino acids at the N-terminus of the capsid, and a longer 3′ UTR.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary At 15°C, San Miguel sea lion virus infected fish(Girella nigricans), producing 107.6 TCID50 per gram of spleen, replicated in Vero cells (108 TCID50/gm) and retained viability after 14 days exposure to salt water (105 TCID50/ml dropped to 102).
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses