Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Vercelli)

2014-04-20

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Neocortex/*cytology/physiology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology

1460-9568

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) occurs downstream from activation of N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors; NO reportedly acts as a retrograde messenger, influencing the refinement and stabilization of coactive afferent terminals. Cells and neuropil in the rat superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate body (LGB) show intense, developmentally regulated activity for NO synthase (NOS). To study the role of NO in the development of retinogeniculate and retinotectal axon arbors, we examined primary visual projections of rats that had received intraperitoneal injections of Nω-nitro- l-arginine (L-NoArg, an NOS inhibitor) on postnatal day 0, and daily thereafter for 4–6 weeks. Treated rats showed significant alterations in ipsilateral retinotectal projections, in the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes; there was an increase in the density of fibres entering the SC, in branch length, and in the numbers of boutons on retinotectal arbors in the treated group. Ipsilaterally projecting retinal axons also showed an increase in density and distribution in the dorsal nucleus of the LGB. If animals were allowed to survive for several months after stopping treatment, similar changes were also noted, but these were much less striking. Our results support the hypothesis that, in the mammalian visual system, NO released from target neurons in the SC and LGB serves as a retrograde signal which feeds back on retinal afferents, influencing their growth. The effects of NOS inhibition are partially reversed after treatment is stopped, indicating that lack of NO synthesis delays the maturation of retinofugal connections, and also that NO plays a constitutive role in their development.

Electronic Resource

0954-349X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Economics

Electronic Resource

0954-349X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Economics

Electronic Resource

1437-1596

Blood groups, Sda in human secretions ; Sda in human secretions ; Human secretions, Sda group ; Blutgruppen, Sda in menschlichen Sekreten ; Sda Gruppenantigen in menschlichen Sekreten ; Menschliche Sekreten, Sda Blutgruppe

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Law

Zusammenfassung Die Autoren haben mit Hilfe der Absorptions-Inhibitions-Technik die Skala der menschlichen biologischen Flüssigkeiten, in denen man die Substanz Sid sucht, noch erweitert. Sie haben auf diese Weise die Präsenz in der Tränenflüssigkeit, im Schweiß, im Nasen- und Luftröhrenschleim, im Liquor und im Kammerwasser nachgewiesen, während die Substanz sich nicht in der Galle befindet (entsprechend der gegebenen Negativität des Lebergewebes). Die Autoren unterstreichen die Bedeutung, die der Nachweis der Substanz Sid im gerichtsmedizinischen Labor einnehmen kann mit der Perspektive einer individuellen Diagnose in Flecken der besagten Sekrete, besonders von Tränen und Schweiß.

Summary The authors, employing the absorption-inhibition technique, have further extended their experiments on human biologic fluids to investigate the Sid substance. It was located in tears, sweat, nasal and tracheobronchial mucus, cerebrospinal fluid, and in aqueous humor while it was not found in bile (in accordance with its absence in liver tissue). The authors emphasize the significance that the verification of the Sid substance may assume in forensic investigations with the purpose of individual diagnosis in stains of the above mentioned secretions, particularly tears, sweat, and nasal mucus.

Electronic Resource

0167-2681

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Economics

Electronic Resource

1432-0568

Costo-uterine muscle ; Innervation ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Rat (Wistar)

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The costo-uterine muscle provides a skeletal attachment to the longitudinal myometrial layer of the uterine horn. In this study we investigated the possibility that the muscle is responsive to sex steroid hormones. In rats of 4 weeks of age, injected with oestradiol for 5 days, the cross-sectional area of nucleated muscle cell profiles was significantly increased. A significant increase in the sectional area of muscle cells was also demonstrated in the costo-uterine muscle of 16-week-old rats, on the 20th day of gestation, compared with nonpregnant rats in dioestrus and of the same age. In oestrogen-treated and in pregnant rats, there was also an increase in muscle cell length. As to the innervation of the costo-uterine muscle, in glyoxylic acid-treated whole-mount and cryostat preparations, we found not only perivascular nerve fibres, but also a few nerve fibres innervating the muscle proper. The pattern of innervation was unchanged after oestrogen treatment and during pregnancy. In the electron microscope, axonal varicosities were observed in the proximity of both vascular and non-vascular muscle cells.

Electronic Resource

1432-1106

Cerebral cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Dendrites ; Spiny stellate neurons ; Kitten

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Callosally projecting neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the adult cat can be classified into two types on the basis of their dendritic morphology: pyramidal and stellate cells. The latter are nearly exclusively of the spinous type and are predominantly located in upper layer IV. Retrograde transport of the carbocyanine dye DiI, applied to the corpus callosum, showed that, up to P6, all callosally projecting neurons resemble pyramids in the possession of an apical dendrite reaching layer I. At P10, however, callosally projecting neurons with stellate morphology were found. A study was designed to distinguish whether these neurons are late in extending their axons to the corpus callosum or, alternatively, have transient apical dendrites. To this end, callosally projecting neurons were retrogradely labeled by fluorescent beads injected in areas 17 and 18 at P1–P3 and then either relabeled with DiI applied to the corpus callosum at P10 or intracellularly injected with Lucifer Yellow at P57. Double-labeled stellate and pyramidal cells were found in similar proportions to those found for the total, single-labeled population of callosally projecting neurons. It is therefore concluded that callosally projecting spiny stellate cells initially possess an apical dendrite and a pyramidal morphology. At P6, i.e. close to the time when stellate cells appear, layer IV neurons with an atrophic apical dendrite were found, suggestive of an apical dendrite in the process of being eliminated.

Electronic Resource

1432-1106

Visual cortex ; Development ; Dendrites ; Corpus callosum ; Interhemispheric connections ; Cat

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In kittens, callosally projecting neurons were labeled by retrograde transport of FITC- (fluorescein isothiocyanate)- and TRITC- (tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate)-conjugated latex microspheres injected in two different visual areas (17, 17/18, 19, or postero-medial lateral suprasylvian; PMLS) at postnatal day 3. At postnatal day 57 more than 1200 labeled neurons in visual cortical areas were intracellularly injected with 3% lucifer yellow (LY) in perfusion-fixed slices of the contralateral hemisphere. The distribution of labeled neurons was charted, and LY-filled neurons were classified on the basis of their area and layer of location, and dendritic pattern. The dendritic arbors of 120 neurons were computer reconstructed. For the basal dendrites of supragranular pyramidal neurons a statistical analysis of number of nodes, internodal and terminal segment lengths, and total dendritic length was run relative to the area of location and axonal projection. Connections were stronger between homotopic than between heterotopic areas. Overall tangential and laminar distributions depended on the area injected. Qualitative morphological differences were found among callosally projecting neurons, related to the area of location, not to that of projection. In all projections from areas 17 and 18, pyramidal and spinous stellate neurons were found in supragranular layers. In contrast, spinous stellate neurons lacked in projections from area 19, 21a, PMLS and postero-lateral lateral suprasylvian (PLLS). In all areas, the infragranular neurons showed heterogeneous typology, but in PMLS no fusiform cells were found. Quantitative analysis of basal dendrites did not reveal significant differences in total dendritic length, terminal, or intermediate segment length among neurons in area 17 or 18, and this was related to whether they projected to contralateral areas 17–18 or PMLS. All injections produced exuberant labeling in area 17. No differences could be found between neurons in area 17 (with transient axons through the corpus callosum) and neurons near the 17/18 border (which maintain projections to the corpus callosum). In conclusion, morphology of callosally projecting neurons seems to relate more to intrinsic specificities in the cellular composition of each area than to the area of contralateral axonal projection or the fate of callosal axons.

Electronic Resource

1432-0878

Androgens ; Horseradish peroxidase, tracing ; Ischiocavernosus muscle ; Onuf's nucleus ; Prepubertal castration ; Sexual dimorphism ; Rat (Wistar)

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The location, number and size of the motoneurons innervating the ischiocavernosus muscle, identified by means of horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) retrograde transport, were studied (1) in adult untreated male rats, (2) in adult male rats castrated before puberty, and (3) in adult male rats castrated before puberty and injected with testosterone from the day of castration. After injection of HRP into the ischiocavernosus muscle, labeled motoneurons were found in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial columns of the lamina IX, at the level of L6 and S1 segments of the spinal cord. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that prepubertal castration induces a statistically significant reduction in the somatic and nuclear areas (40% and 35%, respectively, if compared to those of the control rats) of both the dorsolateral and dorsomedial motoneurons, but does not affect their number. The effects of castration are prevented by exogenous testosterone.

Electronic Resource