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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressD. Floudas ; M. Binder ; R. Riley ; K. Barry ; R. A. Blanchette ; B. Henrissat ; A. T. Martinez ; R. Otillar ; J. W. Spatafora ; J. S. Yadav ; A. Aerts ; I. Benoit ; A. Boyd ; A. Carlson ; A. Copeland ; P. M. Coutinho ; R. P. de Vries ; P. Ferreira ; K. Findley ; B. Foster ; J. Gaskell ; D. Glotzer ; P. Gorecki ; J. Heitman ; C. Hesse ; C. Hori ; K. Igarashi ; J. A. Jurgens ; N. Kallen ; P. Kersten ; A. Kohler ; U. Kues ; T. K. Kumar ; A. Kuo ; K. LaButti ; L. F. Larrondo ; E. Lindquist ; A. Ling ; V. Lombard ; S. Lucas ; T. Lundell ; R. Martin ; D. J. McLaughlin ; I. Morgenstern ; E. Morin ; C. Murat ; L. G. Nagy ; M. Nolan ; R. A. Ohm ; A. Patyshakuliyeva ; A. Rokas ; F. J. Ruiz-Duenas ; G. Sabat ; A. Salamov ; M. Samejima ; J. Schmutz ; J. C. Slot ; F. St John ; J. Stenlid ; H. Sun ; S. Sun ; K. Syed ; A. Tsang ; A. Wiebenga ; D. Young ; A. Pisabarro ; D. C. Eastwood ; F. Martin ; D. Cullen ; I. V. Grigoriev ; D. S. Hibbett
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2012Staff ViewPublication Date: 2012-06-30Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Basidiomycota/classification/*enzymology/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Fungal ; Indoles ; Lignin/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*genetics/metabolism ; Wood/metabolismPublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract A description is presented of a new species of Penicillium, isolated from fallen beech (Fagus silvatica) leaves over an andosol in the Spanish province of Navarra. Its main characteristics suggest its location within the Penicillium roqueforti series of the Biverticillata-Asymmetrica-Velutina subsection and the name of Penicillium fagi is proposed. The species is characterized by the deep blue colour of the reverse, the conspicuous wartness throughout the penicilli from the conidiophore to the tip of metulae, and the small conidia (2.0 to 2.5 μ diameter).Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Keywords: Fungus taxonomy ; New species ; Penicillium ; AerobiologySource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Three new species of microfungi belonging to the genus Penicillium Link ex Fries are described and illustrated. All but one have been isolated from the atmosphere of las Palmas, capital city of the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new species: Penicillium hispanicum sp. nov., Penicillium grancanariae sp. nov., and Penicillium palmensis sp. nov.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Four new species of Penicillium Link ex Fries are described and illustrated. Two of them have been recovered from the air of Madrid, one from sandy soil, and one from leaves of Zacintha verrucosa Gaertner. They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new taxa: Penicillium cordubense sp. nov., Penicillium gaditanum sp. nov, Penicillium zacinthae sp. nov., and Penicillium hispalense sp. nov.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract The ultrastructural patterns characterizing wheat straw degradation by the ligninolytic fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor were studied. During fungal attack, the less lignified tissues were degraded first, whereas the xylematic and sclerenchymatic fibers underwent a delayed attack. In straw samples degraded by T. versicolor, partial delignification, defibrillation and swelling of cell walls, often causing separation between primary and secondary walls, were observed. By contrast, the formation of erosions and fissures, with minor lignin removal, characterized the attack to the cell wall by P. chrysosporium. At an advanced stage of decay, KMnO4 staining demonstrated abundant electron-dense material around hyphae and in the proximity of the cell-wall surface. In the case of P. chrysosporium, spherical black bodies were found in the erosions and fissures produced during fungal attack.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract The effect of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid on the production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the ligninolytic fungusPleurotus eryngii was investigated. It was found that an equilibrium between oxidative and reductive reactions of these compounds is established, leading to the continuous production of H2O2. A multienzymatic cyclic system is proposed in which H2O2 is produced extracellularly by the action of aryl-alcohol oxidase on benzyl alcohol, the most abundant compound after redox reactions, and to a lower extent on benzaldehyde. The oxidation products of these reactions, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, are reduced by intracellular dehydrogenases.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract Homoveratric acid (HVA) degradation was observed in cultures of Pleurotus eryngii lacking lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. Extracellular enzymes seemed responsible for this transformation, and the lack of activity after ultrafiltration of the culture liquid suggests that the presence of some low-molecular-size compounds is required. This hypothesis is supported by rapid HVA transformation after addition of the synthetic laccase substrate 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) to the ultrafiltered liquid. HVA transformation by the extracellular enzymes from P. eryngii takes place via Cα-Cβ breakdown and formation of veratryl alcohol, which is further transformed into veratraldehyde. The same major compounds were found during HVA transformation by LiP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, but this reaction was not stimulated by ABTS. Although the involvement of other enzymes cannot be ruled out, purified laccase from Pleurotus eryngii caused the same HVA transformation pattern in presence of ABTS. Moreover, veratryl alcohol oxidation by P. eryngii laccase was demonstrated in the presence of ABTS. These results suggest that enzymatic systems lacking LiP could be responsible for natural degradation of lignin.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract The ultrastructural patterns characterizing wheat straw degradation by the ligninolytic fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor were studied. During fungal attack, the less lignified tissues were degraded first, whereas the xylematic and sclerenchymatic fibers underwent a delayed attack. In straw samples degraded by T. versicolor, partial delignification, defibrillation and swelling of cell walls, often causing separation between primary and secondary walls, were observed. By contrast, the formation of erosions and fissures, with minor lignin removal, characterized the attack to the cell wall by P. chrysosporium. At an advanced stage of decay, KMnO4 staining demonstrated abundant electron-dense material around hyphae and in the proximity of the cell-wall surface. In the case of P. chrysosporium, spherical black bodies were found in the erosions and fissures produced during fungal attack.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract The effect of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid on the production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the ligninolytic fungusPleurotus eryngii was investigated. It was found that an equilibrium between oxidative and reductive reactions of these compounds is established, leading to the continuous production of H2O2. A multienzymatic cyclic system is proposed in which H2O2 is produced extracellularly by the action of aryl-alcohol oxidase on benzyl alcohol, the most abundant compound after redox reactions, and to a lower extent on benzaldehyde. The oxidation products of these reactions, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, are reduced by intracellular dehydrogenases.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract The effect of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid on the production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii was investigated. It was found that an equilibrium between oxidative and reductive reactions of these compounds is established, leading to the continuous production of H2O2. A multienzymatic cyclic system is proposed in which H2O2 is produced extracellularly by the action of aryl-alcohol oxidase on benzyl alcohol, the most abundant compound after redox reactions, and to a lower extent on benzaldehyde. The oxidation products of these reactions, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, are reduced by intracellular dehydrogenases.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0614Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Abstract Homoveratric acid (HVA) degradation was observed in cultures of Pleurotus eryngii lacking lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity. Extracellular enzymes seemed responsible for this transformation, and the lack of activity after ultrafiltration of the culture liquid suggests that the presence of some low-molecular-size compounds is required. This hypothesis is supported by rapid HVA transformation after addition of the synthetic laccase substrate 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) to the ultrafiltered liquid. HVA transformation by the extracellular enzymes from P. eryngii takes place via Cα–Cβ breakdown and formation of veratryl alcohol, which is further transformed into veratraldehyde. The same major compounds were found during HVA transformation by LiP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, but this reaction was not stimulated by ABTS. Although the involvement of other enzymes cannot be ruled out, purified laccase from Pleurotus eryngii caused the same HVA transformation pattern in presence of ABTS. Moreover, veratryl alcohol oxidation by P. eryngii laccase was demonstrated in the presence of ABTS. These results suggest that enzymatic systems lacking LiP could be responsible for natural degradation of lignin.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesPérez, V. ; Troya, M. T. ; Martínez, A. T. ; González-Vila, F. J. ; Arias, E. ; González, A. E.
Springer
Published 1993Staff ViewISSN: 1432-5225Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsNotes: Summary The in vitro decay of Aextoxicon punctatum and Fagus sylvatica wood by the fungi Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma australe, Phlebia chrysocrea and Lentinus cyathiformis was studied by the agar-block method, and then the decayed woods were analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated the strong resistance of the A. punctatum wood to the brown-rot fungus L. cyathiformis; the resistance might be related to the low S/G lignin ratio in this Austral hardwood. Wood decay by the Austral white-rot fungi G. australe and P. chrysocrea was rather limited, and preferential degradation of lignin was not produced although all the fungi studied increased wood digestibility. The most characteristic white and brown-rot decay patterns were observed during the in vitro decay with T. versicolor and L. cyathiformis, respectively. Trametes versicolor caused high weight losses and reduced the lignin content of the wood, whereas L. cyathiformis produced a preferential removal of xylan. No important changes in the solid-state 13C NMR spectra were observed after wood degradation by T. versicolor, but this technique evidenced an increase in aromatic carbon by L. cyathiformis. This increase was higher than that found in the Klason lignin content, suggesting the presence of altered lignin fractions in the brown-rotted wood.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Resumen En el verano de 1981 recogimos muestras de pinsapos, Abies pinsapo Boiss., enfermos de la Sierra del Endrinal (Cádiz, España). Se estudiaron agujas sanas y enfermas utilizando técnicas de examen directo (cortes de agujas, microscopía electrónica de barrido,...) y de cultivo, incluyendo tratamientos previos mediante lavado y esterilización superficial de las agujas. Sobre los estomas de las agujas enfermas observamos pequeños picnidios, que correspondían a Rhizosphaera oudemansii Maubl., y en los cultivos a partir de agujas enfermas encontramos un gran predominio de su forma de cultivo tipo Hormonema Lagerb. et Melin. En las ramas sanas se detectó contaminación por esporas y la forma Hormonema apareció acompañada por Aureobasidium Viala et Boyer. En las agujas verdes de las ramas enfermas se encontró micelio superficial de R. oudemansii que colonizaba el interior de las agujas marrones produciendo posteriormente numerosos picnidios sobre los estomas. El desarrollo de R. oudemansii sugiere la participación de este hongo en la caida de las hojas de los pinsapos. Describimos su crecimiento y fructificación sobre A. pinsapo y se discute su actuación como patógeno.Notes: Abstract Samples of diseased Spanish fir, Abies pinsapo Boiss., were collected in the summer of 1981 in the Sierra del Endrinal (Cádiz, Spain). Healthy and diseased needles were studied using both direct (needle sections, scanning electron microscopy,...) and culture techniques, including needle washing and surface sterilization treatments. Rhizosphaera oudemansii Maubl. small pycnidia were observed on diseased needle stomata and its Hormonema Lagerb. et Melin cultural state showed a great predominance in diseased needle cultures. Spore contamination was detected in healthy branches, and the Hormonema state was accompanied by Aureobasidium Viala et Boyer. Superficial mycelium developed on green needles from diseased branches and R. oudemansii grew internally in brown needles and produced numerous pycnidia on the stomata. Rhizosphaera oudemansii development suggests a participation of this fungus in A. pinsapo needle cast. Its growth and fructification in A. pinsapo needles is described and its pathogenic role is discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Keywords: Fungus taxonomy ; New species ; Penicillium ; AerobiologySource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Four new species of Penicillium Link ex Fries are described and illustrated. All of them but one have been isolated from the atmosphere in Madrid, Spain. They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new taxa: Penicillium aurantio-flammiferum sp. nov., Penicillium gallaicum sp. nov., Penicillium granatense sp. nov., and Penicillium ilerdanum sp. nov.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1572-9699Keywords: yeasts ; Ganoderma ; delignification ; numerical taxonomy ; white-rot ; microbial ecologySource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract In Chilean rain forest the presence and distribution of yeasts were studied during the fungal transformation of wood, producing a partially delignified material used as cattle feed (“huempe”). A total of 68 yeast species was reported, including a noticeable proportions of basidiomycetous and xylose-assimilating strains, the latter related to the increased availability of this sugar in the decayed wood. The results of the mathematic comparison of taxonomic data of 327 strains showed a delimitation of sharp clusters corresponding to different species, including several new species described from this substrate, and genera, as Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus. At the initial stages of wood decay, characterized by the presence of Candida species, yeast diversity was low. The highest values were found in the medium stage of decay, used as feed, with an important presence of the genera Apiotrichum, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus and Schizoblastosporion. After establishing a non-linear ordination from Euclidean distances between samples, based on yeast abundances, a relationship was observed between the populations developing at the different stages of wood decay by Ganoderma applanatum. A succession of yeast species was demonstrated during wood degradation by this white-rot fungus.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1572-9699Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Geotrichum flavo-brunneum Miller, Giddens et Foster shows both basidiomycetous (viz. the presence of urease and the high %G+C of DNA) and ascomycetous (viz. the carbohydrate composition) affinities. The study of the cell-wall ultrastructure, the hyphal branching and the Diazonium Blue B colouration points to a relationship with anamorphs of Ascomycetes.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1572-9699Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract The morphology of conidia in 211 species and 12 varieties belonging to the genus Penicillium Link ex Gray have been studied and compared. According to surface ornamentation, conidia have been classified into six groups: A, smooth-walled (7% of the species); B, delicately roughened (13%); C, warty (28%); D, echinate (10%); E, striate with low irregular ridges (36%); and F, striate with scarce high ridges or bars (6%). Whereas the first two groups are closely related in both shape and average size, a gradual reduction was observed in size and in the length/width (l/w) ratio in the remaining groups. Echinate conidia were globose, having the largest average size. Only four species produced conidia not surpassing 2 μm in diameter. Maximum length observed was 8 μm, and most elongated conidia had a l/w ratio of 3.5. Forty per cent of the species studied had globose conidia. Conidia of the monoverticillate species were generally smaller, more globose and frequently with ridges. In the Asymmetrica, the conidia were generally larger, and showed ridges in comparatively few species. Conidia of the Symmetrica, which were frequently striate with ridges, presented the most elongated forms. The largest average size was found in the conidia of the Polyverticillata which were generally warty. Finally, we have considered the variations in surface ornamentation of conidia during the evolution of the genus Penicillium and drawn attention to their possible relationship with certain habitats and ways of conidial dispersion.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0832Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Six new species ofPenicillium Linkex Fries are described and illustrated. Four of them have been recovered from the atmosphere in Madrid, Spain, the other two species were isolated from must and from soil respectively. They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore described and proposed as new taxa:Penicillium gerundense sp. nov.,Penicillium valentinum sp. nov.,Penicillium alicantinum sp. nov.,Penicillium malacaense sp. nov.,Penicillium tarraconense sp. nov., andPenicillium vasconiae sp. nov.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: