Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. M. Jamieson)

2013-04-27

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; Coinfection/*immunology/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; *Legionella pneumophila ; Legionnaires' Disease/*immunology/pathology ; Lung/microbiology/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/*immunology/pathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism

2014-02-21

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy/genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy/*immunology/prevention & control ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Warfarin/pharmacology/therapeutic use

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1435-1536

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Zusammenfassung Wir beginnen mit dem Umriß einer allgemeinen Theorie der Dichteschwankungen im glasigen Bereich. Sie beruht auf der Annahme despartiellen Einfrierens eines Struktur-Parameters, wie aus vorherigen Untersuchungen der Zustandsgleichung gefolgert wird. Sodann werden Versuche mit ataktischem Polystyrol beschrieben. Die zeitliche Korrelationsfunktion der Photonenstreuung zeigt zwei Relaxationsmechanismen an. OberhalbT g herrscht ein langsamer Prozeß vor, der durch eine breite, assymetrische Verteilungsfunktion von Relaxationszeiten charakterisiert ist. Dieser Prozeß hängt offensichtlich mit dem Glasübergang zusammen. Ein zusätzlicher, viel rascherer Prozeß mit einer geringen Amplitude und einem schmalen Relaxationsspektrum ist auch beobachtbar. UnterhalbT g wird dieser Prozeß vom Streuwinkel abhängig, stellt einen Diffusionsvorgang dar, und sollte mit dem ß-Prozeß zusammenhängen. Weiter untersuchen wir die relativen totalen Intensitäten der isotropen und der depolarisierten Streuungskomponente für eine Reihe von verdichteten Gläsern. Diese wurden durch Druckanwendung in der Schmelze, nachherige isobarische Abkühlung zu 25 °C, und schließliche Druckentlastung erzeugt. Die depolarisierte Streuungskomponente im Glase, welches bei atmosphärischem Druck hergestellt wurde, ist mit einem System ohne sichtliche Ordnungszustände vereinbar. Ein schwacher Anstieg dieser Streuung wird jedoch im verdichteten System bemerkbar, welcher möglicherweise einen geringeren Ordnungsprozeß der Kettensegmente anzeigt. Die isotropische Streuung wächst systematisch mit der glasigen Verdichtung an. Offensichtlich ist dies die Folge einer inhomogenen Dichteänderung während der Druckentlastung.

Summary We begin with an outline of a theory of density fluctuations in the glassy state based on a partial freeze-in of an ordering parameter, as derived from previous equation of state investigations. Then laser light scattering studies of glasses formed by atactic polystyrene are described. Photon correlation analysis indicates two relaxation mechanisms. A slow process dominates aboveT g , has a wide asymmetric distribution of relaxation times and is evidently related to the glass transition phenomenon. A small-amplitude fast decay with a narrow relaxation spectrum is also observed. BelowT g , this mode is shown to be dependent on scattering angle and is evidently a diffusion mechanism, which may be related to theβ-relaxation process. Relative integrated intensities are presented for isotropic and depolarized scattering from glasses densified by pressurization in the melt, followed by isobaric cooling to 25°C and depressurization. The depolarized scattering for the glass formed at atmospheric pressure has a value consistent with a completely disordered glass. However, a small increase in depolarized scattering appears to occur on densification. This result may reflect a small increase in intersegmental ordering in glassy polystyrene upon densification. The isotropic scattering shows a large systematic increase in the densified glass. This is apparently the result of an inhomogeneous density change during the depressurization step.

Electronic Resource

1435-1536

Density fluctuations ; polymer glasses ; equation of state ; statistical mechanics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract A theory of the liquid state, suitably modified for the glass, contains a characteristic structure functionh, which represents a free volume fraction. As shown previously by means of experimental pressure-volume-temperature studies,h retains finite, nonvanishing temperature and pressure coefficients upon passing through the glass transition. These results are now employed to compute the mean-square thermal density fluctuations in poly(vinyl acetate). AboveT g , the result attests again to the satisfactory quantitative performance of the equilibrium theory. BelowT g , two glasses formed at low and elevated pressures, respectively, are considered under quasi-equilibrium conditions. The results show the anticipated initial accord with the approximation proposed by Fischer and Wendorff, involving the isothermal compressibility of the liquid atT g . The theory delineates the increasing departures with decreasing temperature observed in the literature. We comment finally on the trend of the fluctuations on approaching absolute zero. Explicit low temperature calculations remain to be undertaken.

Electronic Resource

1573-9686

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Technology

Electronic Resource

1435-1528

Key words Electrorheology ; liquid crystal polymer ; molecular architecture ; Miesowicz viscosity

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Abstract Low molar mass liquid crystal solvents with positive dielectric anisotropy exhibit an electrorheological (ER) effect such that the viscosity, , in the presence of a strong electric field, applied transverse to the flow, is larger than that, , in the absence of such a field. Dissolution of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) enhances the magnitude of the ER effect by an amount, , which is an increasing function of LCP concentration and depends on the molecular architecture of the LCP. Specifically, we show that two main-chain LCPs, with different chemical structures, strongly increase the ER response, a side-on side-chain LCP moderately increases the response, and an end-on side-chain LCP weakly increases the response. These diverse behaviors can be interpreted using theoretical arguments which assume that the LCP conformation is an ellipsoid of revolution whose orientation relative to the flow direction is determined by the balance between the hydrodynamic and electric torques on the fluid. The different ER responses are consistent with the idea that main-chain LCPs are highly prolate, the side-on side chain LCP is moderately prolate, and the end-on side chain LCP is quasi-spherical. A molecular description is obtained by equating and , respectively, to the Miesowicz viscosities and , and using a hydrodynamical model developed by Brochard which deduces that , where and are the end-to-end distances of the chain, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the director.

Electronic Resource

1436-2449

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Abstract Dynamic light scattering data are interpreted to obtain the longest intramolecular relaxation time, τ1 and the relative amplitude of the scattering from intramolecular and center of mass translational diffusive decay modes, Po/P, for a polystyrene (PS) of high molecular weight Mw=8.42×106, in two good solvent systems, ethylbenzene (ETBZ) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C. Comparison of τ1 data with the Rouse-Zimm theory, τ1=M[η]ηs/A1RT, indicates differences in the value of the draining parameter A1 between these two solvent systems. In addition, the relative scattering amplitude of the diffusive scattering for a single coil, (Po/P)c=o, decreases more rapidly with qRg for PS in THF. Thus the scattering amplitude of the intramolecular normal modes of motion of PS in THF, for a specified value of qRg are substantially larger than those for PS in ETBZ and the other aromatic good solvents. These observations are each qualitatively consistent with a larger solvent draining effect in ETBZ versus THF. Comparison with literature data for chains in good and theta solvents suggests that the quantity (Po/P)c=o may be a universal function of qRh.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Two methods for the characterization of protein molecular weights from their diffusion coefficients are discussed. These measurements can be made quickly and reliably at low concentrations using quasielastic light-scattering techniques. First, an empirical calibration of the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution of denatured random coils against molecular weight is reported. The second method combines the measurement of D0 with the intrinsic viscosity [η]. This D0-[η] relationship proves to be very insensitive to polymers structure or solvent type. The data indicate that the ratio of the hydrodynamic radius measured by viscosity to the hydrodynamic radius measured by diffusion is about 15% smaller than that predicted by theoretical models. The nature of the molecular-weight average obtained for polydisperse systems is defined for a Schulz distribution. These hydrodynamic methods have also been used to demonstrate the presence of chain branching in the glycoprotein ovomucoid. In addition, a method is proposed by which the effective segment length and an excluded volume parameter for random coils may be evaluated for diffusion measurements.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Porcine submaxillary mucin (PSM) is a glycoprotein composed of a protein core and frequent, short oligosaccharide side chains. We report static and dynamic light scattering experiments and intrinsic viscosities for PSM in aqueous solvent systems. In 0.1M NaCl solution, the data suggest PSM exists as large, internally branched, highly hydrated, polydisperse aggregates that slowly dissociate to give a stable species of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) 7.4 × 106. In 6M GdnHCl solution, the noncovalent bonds between PSM molecules are broken, giving a highly elongated molecule of Mw = 2.0 × 106. The irreversible nature of this dissociation suggests that the forces that stabilize the native aggregates of PSM in 0.1M NaCl are specific in nature. On reduction of PSM with mercaptoethanol, the polydispersity decreases and Mw also decreases to 9 × 105. A discrete change is observed in the solution properties of PSM in 0.1M NaCl at a concentration of 2mg/mL, manifested by a sudden decrease in the translational diffusion coefficient, an increase in viscosity number, and a decrease in slope of the osmotic compressibility. We tentatively propose that a weak and reversible secondary association process occurs at this concentration, although a purely hydrodynamic interaction cannot be ruled out.

11 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Light-scattering techniques have been used to measure the z-average radius of gyration Rg z-average translational diffusion coefficient Dt and weight-average molecular weight Mw of porcine submaxillary mucin (PSM) in solution. PSM isolated at low shear in the presence of protease inhibitors has a Mw about twice as large as a sample prepared without these precautions. The former sample has a Mw of 17 × 106 in 0.1M NaCl, which decreases to 8 × 106 in 6M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and then to 2 × 106 on addition of 0.1M mercaptoethanol to the 6M GdnHCl solution. The Rg or D-1t values obtained for PSM in this work superimpose with those of other authors for different mucin glycoproteins, leading to linear log-log relationships to the molecular weight of the protein core. Comparison of these results with those in the literature for denatured proteins suggest that mucins are linear random coils in which the protein core is stiffened by the presence of the oligosaccharide side chains. The length of the oligosaccharides and the nature of the solvent have little effect on the extension of the protein core. This suggests that the stiffness of the protein core is maintained by steric repulsion of the residues at the beginning of the oligosaccharide chains.

3 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

We report dynamic light scattering measurements over a wide range of scattering vectors for fractionated samples of porcine submaxillary mucin (PSM) glycoproteins in two different solvents: 0.1M NaCl, and 6M GdnHCl. The relaxation spectrum has been successfully resolved into a slow mode corresponding to pure translational diffusion and a fast mode containing information on the relaxation times for intramolecular motion. Analysis of the slow mode permits a light scattering evaluation of the polydispersity of these high molecular weight mucin glycoprotein fractions. Determination of the longest intramolecular relaxation times τ1 shows that these are much longer for the PSM fractions in 0.1M NaCl compared to 6M GdnHCl. These data are consistent with earlier studies showing that the chain conformation is the same in both solvents, but that in 0.1M NaCl, the PSM glycoprotein undergoes a self-association process that is end-to-end in nature. Since the τ1 value is intimately related to the viscoelastic behavior of PSM solutions and gels, it is interesting to speculate that the end-to-end association process may be physiologically important.

4 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The effects of calcium ions on the solution properties of porcine submaxillary mucin (PSM) have been investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. The weight average molecular weights of PSM fractions are unaffected by the addition of up to 0.5M CaCl2: these data are within experimental error of those for solutions in 0.1M NaCl. The distribution of relaxation frequencies derived from the dynamic data shows the existence of two distinct relaxation modes. The average relaxation times have been interpreted to yield the z-average translational diffusion coefficient and the longest intramolecular relaxation time τ1. A plot of τ1 vs 〈1/Rh〉z-3 is linear, and consistent with plots of such data recorded for PSM in 0.1M NaCl and 6M GdnHCl solutions. However, the τ1 values and the associated results for 〈Rh-1〉z-1 in 0.5M CaCl2 are smaller than those determined in 0.1M NaCl. This suggests that the conformation of PSM in CaCl2 solution is more contracted than those in the other two solvents. These results are consistent with the compact packaging of mucin in the secretary granules that have elevated Ca2+ levels.

6 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Measurements of translational diffusion coefficients by quasielastic laser light scattering, sedimentation coefficients, and intrinsic viscosities at zero shear of proteoglycan subunit fraction A1-D1-D1 isolated from bovine nasal septa are reported. Molecular weights and hydrodynamic dimensions are compared with those expected on the basis of structural models previously proposed. Comparison of the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient in the presence of NaCl and GdnHCl leads to the conclusion that significant self-association behaviour of subunit occurs in the absence of GdnHCl. In the absence of added salt, anomalous nonlinear concentration dependence of Dt estimated from wide-angle light-scattering experiments is observed. In addition, Dt apparently becomes angle dependent. These results are interpreted in terms of the perturbation of normal translational diffusion of the monomer by strong repulsive intermolecular interactions due to the combined effects of long-range electrostatic forces and macromolecular congestion at higher concentrations. By carrying out experiments at small scattering angles, it is possible to determine Dt0 for proteoglycan subunit in the absence of supporting electrolyte. Titration of a dilute solution of subunit with hyaluronic acid results in a sigmoidal behaviour of the Stokes radius, indicating the formation of complexes of higher molecular weight results from the noncovalent association of proteoglycan subunits with hyaluronate. Observation of Dt appears to provide a useful method for studying the proteoglycan subunit-hyaluronate interactions.

14 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The oscillatory and steady shear rheological properties of concentrated solutions of proteoglycan subunit (PGS) and aggregate (PGA) from bovine articular cartilage have been studied using a Rheometrics fluids spectrometer. At comparable concentrations in the physiological range tan δ increases from 0.5 to 1.0 for PGA as the oscillation frequency (ω) increases from 10-1 to 102 rads / s, compared to a decrease from 40 to 5 for PGS. Thus PGA solutions exhibit predominantly elastic response whereas those of PGS exhibit primarily viscous behavior. PGA solutions show pronounced shear-thinning behavior at all shear rates (γ) in the range 10-2 〈 γ (s-1) 〈 10 2, whereas PGS solutions exhibit predominantly Newtonian flow. For PGA, the small-strain complex viscosity η* (ω) is substantially smaller than the steady-flow viscosity η (γ) at comparable values of ω and γ. These observations indicate that the presence of proteoglycan aggregates leads to formation of a transient or weak-gel network. Since aggregation leads to a large increase in molecular hydrodynamic volume and hence in the relaxation times for macromolecular rotation, it appears that role of aggregate formation is to shift the linear viscoelastic response from the terminal viscous flow into the plateau elastomeric regime of relaxational behavior. Normal or pathological changes that produce a decrease in aggregation will result in a loss of elastomeric behavior of the proteoglycan matrix.

5 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Solution properties of fractionated ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) and asialo OSM (aOSM) in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride have been investigated using light scattering and Theological methods. For the first time we present viscometric evidence in both dilute and concentrated solution that the molecular structure of OSM is that of a wormlike chain. The intrinsic viscosity shows molecular weight dependence consistent with the linear extended chain conformation observed by light scattering measurements. The viscoelastic behavior of the OSM fractions in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride was further examined above the overlap concentration as a function of molecular weight and temperature. Under these solvent conditions in which the role of nonbonding intermolecular interactions is minimized, OSM shows predominantly fluid like behavior. However, high molecular weight OSM shows evidence of the existence of an entanglement network at high concentration. The frequency-dependent shear storage and loss moduli at all concentrations and molecular weights can be scaled to yield a master curve by incorporating typical viscoelastic shift parameters. The entanglement molecular weight and concentration are consistent with literature data for extended, semiflexible wormlike chains. The behavior of aOSM is similar to that of intact OSM at comparable degrees of coil overlap, indicating that the terminal sialic acid residue on the carbohydrate side chain has no effect on the rheology of concentrated OSM solutions beyond that due to an increase in the hydrodynamic volume. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0032-3888

Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

The effect of physical aging on viscoelastic properties was studied for several cross-linked epoxies in the glassy state. Tensile creep and tensile stress relaxation were measured during isothermal physical aging, following rapid quenching of samples annealed above the glass-transition temperature (Tg). The momentary creep curves measured at 21°C, 45°C, and 61°C below Tg for different epoxies could be fitted to an empirical equation for the creep compliance D(t): \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ D(t) = D(0)\exp [(t/t_o)^\beta]. $$\end{document} Values for β and to were obtained, and the dependence of to on the aging time was determined. Shift factors were calculated to investigate changes in molecular mobility during physical aging. The momentary stress relaxation was measured on the same epoxy materials as used for the creep studies. The stress relaxation curves were fitted to the following equation for the tensile modulus E(t): \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ E(t) = E(0)\exp [-(t/t_o)^\alpha]. $$\end{document} Values for α and to were obtained. The influence of physical aging on-to was again studied by calculating shift factors as a function of the aging time. The results are compared with the results of the creep tests and discussed in the context of current molecular theories of physical aging of glassy polymers.

9 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Light scattering has been used to investigate the structure of human tracheobronchial mucin glycoproteins (HTBM) from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. The specimen was extracted using 6M guanidinium hydrochloride solution and fractionated by gel exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000. The fractionated HTBM was purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Purity of the resulting material was confirmed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and uv spectroscopy. Light scattering measurements on the fractionated mucins yield weight-average molecular weights Mw, and z-average radii of gyration Rg, z. The native cystic fibrosis HTBM consisted of a high molecular weight fraction with Mw = 9.3 × 106 daltons and a lower molecular weight fraction contanining partly degraded mucins. After reduction and carboxymethylation of the high molecular weight native fraction, the resulting material was separated into three pools with Mw values of 5.1 × 106, 1.6 × 106, and 400,000. The derived molecular weights for the protein cores Mp,w, and the experimental radii of gyration are found to be consistent with the Mp,w - Rg relation established previously for submaxillary, cervical, and gastric mucins. These results imply that HTBM has the same extended-coil conformation reported for other mucins and has a molecular structure consisting of subunits, linked into linear chains via covalent (disulfide) bonds.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The quasielastic light scattering of poly-L-lysine HBr in aqueous solutions has been examined over a variety of pH values where the polymer is in different conformations. Analysis of the spectra demonstrates that as the pH is lowered, the polymer changes from an extended anisotropic from through a collapsed randomized state to a larger isotropic form. These data support the current view that the polymer undergoes a conformational change from an α-helical form to a “kinked” extended-coil conformation through an intermediate partially α-helical state in which internal packing of the helical portions occurs. Finally, a value for the rate of propagation of the unwinding of the α-helix has been obtained.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0006-3525

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Human tracheobronchial mucin isolated from cystic fibrosis patients (CF HTBM) was purified using a combination of gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation. The resulting mucin was fractionated to reduce polydispersity and to facilitate studies of the molecular weight dependence of mucin viscoelasticity in concentrated solution. The viscoelastic properties of CF HTBM were examined in distilled water, 0.1M salt solutions and chaotropic solvents. In controlled strain experiments (strain ≥ 5%) with increasing mucin concentration, a crossover from sol to gel behavior is observed. The gel strength, as measured by the magnitude of the storage modulus at comparable mucin concentrations, is greatest for distilled water, intermediate for 0.1M NaCl, and lowest far 6M GdnHCl. In distilled water, high molecular weight mucin undergoes a sol-gel transition at ∼ 12 mg/mL, and shows evidence of a plateau modulus at higher concentrations. The storage and loss moduli of concentrated high molecular weight fractions in 6M GdnHCl exhibit a power law dependence on frequency typical of weak gels near the sol-gel transition at 20 mg/mL. Similar rheology is observed in 0.1M NaCl and 0.091M NaCl/3 mM CaCl2, but with evidence for additional weak associations at low frequency. The power law exponent in these systems is 0.70 ± 0.02, in good agreement with prediction for networks formed by a percolation mechanism. Low molecular weight fractions in these solvents exhibit a fluid-like viscoelastic response. However, low molecular weight mucin in distilled water shows a strain-dependent increase in elasticity at low frequency indicative of weak intermolecular associations. Comparison of the rheological behavior of CF HTBM with our earlier studies of ovine submaxillary mucin lends support to the idea that carbohydrate side-chain interactions are important in the gelation mechanism of mucins. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource