Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Linneberg)

2018-03-09

Wiley-Blackwell

0007-0963

1365-2133

Medicine

2018-02-28

Wiley-Blackwell

0007-0963

1365-2133

Medicine

2015-09-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Acclimatization/*genetics ; Alleles ; Arctic Regions ; Body Height/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Climate ; *Diet, High-Fat ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*administration & dosage/analysis ; Female ; Genetic Loci ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Greenland ; Humans ; Inuits/*genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Membrane Lipids/analysis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic

2014-07-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Codon, Nonsense/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Greenland ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism

2018-05-11

American Heart Association (AHA)

1942-325X

1942-3268

Medicine

Electrophysiology, Epidemiology, Genetic, Association Studies

2018-01-12

American Heart Association (AHA)

1942-325X

1942-3268

Medicine

Electrophysiology, Genetic, Association Studies

1600-0536

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Exposure to fragrance chemicals causes various eye and airway symptoms. Individuals with perfume contact allergy report these symptoms more frequently than individuals with nickel allergy or no contact allergies. However, the associations between contact allergy and respiratory symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals other than perfumes are unclear. The study aimed to investigate the association between eye and airway symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals (other than perfumes) and contact allergy in a population-based sample. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was posted, in 2002, to 1189 individuals who participated in 1997/1998 in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases. Questions about eye and airway symptoms elicited by different airborne chemicals and airborne proteins were included in the questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire were compared with data on patch testing and prick testing. Having at least 1 positive patch test (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5) was associated with the symptoms, and the odds ratio increased with the number of positive patch tests (P-value for test for trend 〈0.05). Bronchial hyperreactivity, female sex and psychological vulnerability were independently associated with symptoms, but no association was found between prick test reactivity to proteins and the symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals.

Electronic Resource

1600-0536

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

In 1990, a random sample of 567 persons of the 15–69-year-old population living in the Western part of Copenhagen County, Denmark, was patch tested in a cross-sectional study. In 1998, a follow-up study was performed. Out of 540 invited, 365 (68%) were re-patch tested. In the follow-up study, the persistence of allergic contact sensitivity, defined as 1 or more positive patch tests in both surveys, was 71% (37 out of 52 subjects). Nickel allergy persisted in 79% (19 out of 24 subjects), while 60% (21 out of 35 subjects) had a positive patch test reaction to 1 or more allergens, other than nickel, in both surveys. The lowest persistence was 50% (5 out of 10 subjects) and this was found for patch test reactivity to 1 or more of the cosmetic ingredients included in the patch test series. 8 years after the baseline study had demonstrated allergic contact sensitivity, 71% of the subjects still had at least 1 positive patch test. Nickel allergy persisted in 79%. Allergen avoidance should probably be lifelong to prevent elicitation of contact dermatitis.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between exposure to cat and dog in the home and the development (incidence) of IgE sensitization to cat and dog.Methods: Participants in a population-based study of 15–69-year-olds in 1990 were invited to a follow-up in 1998. Serum IgE antibodies against common inhalant allergens was assessed in 734 subjects (participation rate 69.0%) on two occasions 8 years apart. Information about current or previous keeping of cats and dogs in the home was obtained in a questionnaire at baseline.Results: A cat in the home currently was significantly associated with the development of IgE sentisization to cat (adjusted odds ratio 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–42.7). Moreover, an atopic predisposition in terms of IgE sensitization to allergens other than cat at baseline was an independent risk factor for the development of IgE sensitization to cat. A dog in the home was not significantly associated with the development of IgE sensitization to dog.Conclusions: In this adult population, exposure to a cat in the home increased the risk of developing IgE sensitization to cat. More prospective data are needed on this issue.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: It has been hypothesized that allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are manifestations of the same disease entity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.Methods: Participants in a population-based study of 15–69-year-olds in 1990 were invited to a follow-up in 1998. A total of 734 subjects were examined on two occasions eight years apart. Allergic rhinitis to pollen was defined as a history of nasal symptoms on exposure to pollens and IgE specific to pollen. Allergic asthma to pollen was defined as a history of lower airway symptoms on exposure to pollens and IgE specific to pollen. Similarly, diagnoses of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma to animals or mite were defined.Results: At follow-up, all subjects with allergic asthma to pollen (n = 52) had in addition allergic rhinitis to pollen. In the longitudinal analysis, there were a total of 28 new (incident) cases of allergic asthma to pollen. They all had allergic rhinitis to pollen at baseline, or had developed allergic rhinitis to pollen at follow-up. Accordingly, allergic rhinitis to animals and mite were ubiquitous in subjects with allergic asthma to animals and mite, respectively.Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are manifestations of the same disease entity.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Exposure to perfume and fragrance products may, in some individuals, cause symptoms from the eyes and airways. The localization, character and risk factors of such symptoms in the general population are unknown.Objective To investigate both the localization and character of symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products, and the associations between such symptoms and skin prick test reactivity (atopy), methacholine bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR), allergic rhinitis and asthma.Methods A questionnaire on mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products was posted to 1189 persons who had participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases in 1997/1998. The study included measurement of BHR, atopy, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and serum eosinophilic cationic protein (serum ECP).Results The response rate was 79.6%. Symptoms from the eyes or airways elicited by fragrance products were reported by 42%. BHR (adjusted odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5–3.5) was independently associated with symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products. There were no significant associations between these symptoms and atopy, FEV1 or serum ECP.Conclusions Mucosal symptoms from the eyes and airways were common in this population. BHR was a significant and independent predictor of these symptoms. The lack of association with atopy suggested that IgE-mediated allergic mechanisms do not play a major role in the development of these symptoms.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Several studies in patient populations have reported a positive association between alcohol consumption and serum total IgE. Furthermore, we have previously reported a positive association between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT positivity) to inhalant allergens in a population-based cross-sectional study.Objective To investigate the relationship of alcohol consumption to levels of serum total IgE and the development of IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens.Methods In 1990, self-reported consumption of alcohol, serum total IgE, SPT positivity and specific IgE positivity to inhalant allergens were assessed in 1112 subjects, aged 15–69 years, participating in a population-based cross-sectional study in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1998, they were invited to a follow-up and 734 were re-examined (participation rate 69.0%). Adjustment for potential confounders was performed by using multivariable regression analyses.Results In non-atopic (specific IgE negative) subjects there was a positive association between alcohol consumption and the concentration of total IgE (P = 0.001). During the follow-up period, 45 and 33 subjects developed SPT positivity and specific IgE positivity, respectively. There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and the development of SPT positivity or specific IgE positivity. However, the risk of developing SPT positivity tended to increase with increasing consumption of alcohol (P = 0.055).Conclusions This epidemiological study confirms that alcohol consumption has an influence on levels of serum total IgE. A significant association between alcohol consumption and the development of IgE sensitization was not established. However, there seems to be a lack epidemiological data on this issue.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background There is evidence that antenatal factors play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the effects of maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy on the risk of AD in the offspring.Objective To investigate the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the incidence of AD in the offspring.Methods A total of 24 341 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were followed prospectively. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained by interview at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation. Information about symptoms, time of onset, and doctor's diagnosis of AD in the offspring was obtained by interview at 18 months of age. The effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the incidence of AD was analysed by Cox regression allowing for different effects of alcohol before (early infancy) and after 2 months (60 days) of age.Results Alcohol during pregnancy was associated with a significant and dose-dependent increased risk of AD in early infancy. This effect was mainly seen in high-risk infants (two parents with allergic disease). Thus, the highest risk of AD in early infancy was seen in high-risk infants of mothers who consumed four or more drinks per week at 30 weeks of gestation (adjusted relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.7–10.1). There was no effect of alcohol during pregnancy beyond early infancy.Conclusions The results suggest that alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of early-onset AD in predisposed infants.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background The factors underlying recent increases in the prevalence of respiratory allergy are largely unknown.Objective To assess the association between allergic sensitization and several lifestyle/environmental factors.Methods A cross-sectional population-based study of 15–69-year-olds in Copenhagen was carried out in 1990. The participation rate was 77.5% (1112/1435). Different lifestyle/environmental factors (explanatory variables) were defined based on questionnaire data. Dependent (outcome) variables were skin prick test (SPT) positivity or specific IgE positivity to common aeroallergens. Explanatory variables associated with outcome in univariate analysis (P 〈 0.25) were selected for multivariate analysis. Subsequently, a final model for each dependent variable was obtained by stepwise regression analysis (cut-off for entry/removal of variables: P 〈 0.1).Results Male sex, young age, low number of siblings, a positive family history of hay fever and never smoking, were independently associated with both SPT positivity and specific IgE positivity. Furthermore, SPT positivity was positively associated with alcohol consumption (dose–response relationship only), and negatively associated with previous keeping of a dog in the household. The association between alcohol consumption and SPT positivity was mainly due to the consumption of wine and remained after adjustment for educational level. Specific IgE positivity was furthermore associated with body mass index with no apparent dose–response relationship.Conclusion Being male, young age, a positive family history of hayfever, low number of siblings and never smoking, were independently associated with allergic sensitization. In addition, the results indicated a possible relationship of alcohol consumption, body mass index and previous keeping of a dog in the household to allergic sensitization. There is a need for prospective studies of risk factors for respiratory allergy.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Changes in lifestyle or environmental factors are responsible for the increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory disease. Establishing the time at which the increase began may provide a clue as to what factors possibly could have contributed to the increase. Many cross-sectional studies have shown that the prevalence of allergic sensitization decreases with increasing age. This could reflect the natural course of allergic sensitization. Alternatively, this could reflect that the increase in sensitization is caused by a cohort effect, i.e. an increase among subjects born during recent decades.Objective The aim was to investigate age-specific changes in the prevalence of allergic sensitization in a cohort of adults.Methods A total of 599 subjects aged 15 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional general population study in 1990. In 1998 they were invited to a follow-up, and 64.4% (386/599) were re-examined. Serum samples obtained from the participants in 1990 and 1998 were analysed for specific IgE to six common inhalant allergens with the same assay.Results The prevalence of allergic sensitization (specific IgE to at least one allergen) increased among subjects who were less than c. 30 years at baseline (1990), i.e. subjects born during the 1960s or later, while the prevalence was unchanged among subjects who were more than c. 30 years at baseline.Conclusions The results support the notion that the increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory disease is caused by a cohort effect. Thus, changes in lifestyle or environmental factors that occurred around or after 1960 may have contributed to this increase.

Electronic Resource

1600-0536

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives:  To investigate symptoms from the eyes and airways, elicited by perfume and fragrance products and associations between such symptoms and skin prick test reactivity, metacholine bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), contact allergy, and eczema in a population based sample.Methods:  A questionnaire on mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products was mailed to 1189 persons who had participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases in 1997/98. The study included measurement of BHR, skin prick testing, patch testing and history of hand eczema.Results:  The response rate to the questionnaire was 80%. Symptoms from the eyes or airways elicited by fragrance products were reported by 42%. There were no significant associations between these symptoms and skin prick test reactivity. Positive and independent statistical significant associations were found between BHR, perfume contact allergy and hand eczema, and symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products, also when adjusting for nickel contact allergy, age, gender psychological vulnerability, educational level and social class.Conclusions:  Individuals with BHR, hand eczema and/or perfume contact allergy, as opposed to those without, are more frequently and more severely bothered from the eyes or airways after volatile exposure to fragrance products. The lack of association with skin prick test reactivity indicates that IgE mediated allergic mechanisms do not play a major role in the development of these symptoms. Having hand eczema has the greatest impact on reporting mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: It is disputed whether increases in self-reported respiratory allergy represent a true increase or merely increased recognition. We aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of skin-prick-test (SPT)-positive allergic rhinitis had increased in an adult general population in Copenhagen, Denmark. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 1990 and 1998. A screening questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in random samples of 15–41-year-olds preceded both surveys. Among the responders, random samples were invited to a health examination including SPT. Totals of 312 (participation rate 74.6%) and 482 (participation rate 53.4%) subjects were examined in 1990 and 1998, respectively. Diagnoses of SPT-positive allergic rhinitis were based on a history of nasal symptoms on exposure to allergens and SPT positivity to allergens. Results: The prevalence of a diagnosis of SPT-positive allergic rhinitis increased from 12.9% to 22.5% (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.30–2.90), whereas the prevalence of a positive SPT (allergen histamine wheal ratio ≥0.5) to one or more of 10 allergens increased from 27.7% to 33.9% (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SPT-positive allergic rhinitis has increased significantly. Our findings indicate that a true increase in respiratory allergy has occurred.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Studies of incidence of contact allergy in a general population have not been reported. Data from incidence studies may support and direct strategies for prevention of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis. Objectives To study the incidence of contact allergy and evaluate risk factors for developing contact allergy in an adult general population sample. Patients and methods In 1990 a random sample of 567 persons of the 15–69-year-old population living in the western part of Copenhagen County (Denmark) was patch tested in a cross-sectional study. In 1998 a follow-up study was performed. Of 540 invited, 365 (68%) were patch tested again. Results In the follow-up study, 37 persons (12%) of the 313 patch-test-negative persons in 1990 had developed one or more positive patch tests (incident contact allergy). Twenty cases (6%) of incident nickel allergy and 25 cases (8%) of incident contact allergy to one or more haptens other than nickel were found. The data indicate that female sex, young age and ear piercing (before 1990) were risk factors for developing nickel allergy. Between 1990 and 1998 metal contact dermatitis was reported in seven women with incident nickel allergy. Six of these women had bought the eliciting item in Denmark before 1995, when vigorous control of the Danish nickel legislation was introduced. Conclusions We found a considerable number of incident cases of contact allergy in the adult population. The results of the study support the actions taken to restrict the use of the allergens most frequently encountered, and to increase the labelling demands to products intended for prolonged contact with the skin or a combined action.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background  Exposure to volatile fragrances is commonplace and may be related to various eye and airway symptoms. Skin exposure to fragrances is known to cause perfume contact allergy and eczema, but it is unknown whether eye or airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products are associated with contact allergy or eczema.Objectives  To investigate if eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products are associated with perfume contact allergy or hand eczema in a population-based sample.Methods  A questionnaire on eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products was mailed to 1189 individuals who had recently participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases. Results from the questionnaire about localization and character of the symptoms were compared with data on patch testing and 1-year prevalence of hand eczema collected during the health examination.Results  Positive, independent and significant (P 〈 0·05) associations were found between eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products and perfume contact allergy (adjusted odds ratios 2·0–3·7) and hand eczema (adjusted odds ratios 1·6–2·6). In further analysis, similar and consistent results were found regarding severity of the symptoms. No associations were found between nickel contact allergy and the symptoms. Female sex and psychological vulnerability were independently associated with eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products, but adjustment in multivariate analysis did not change the results regarding perfume contact allergy and hand eczema.Conclusions  Individuals with perfume contact allergy and/or hand eczema, as opposed to those without, have more frequent and more severe eye or airway symptoms after exposure to volatile fragrance products. Having hand eczema has the greatest impact on reporting eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products.

Electronic Resource