Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Lauri)

2014-09-13

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Abdominal Muscles/cytology/embryology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mesoderm/cytology/*embryology ; Notochord/cytology/*embryology ; Phylogeny ; Polychaeta/*classification/*embryology/genetics

2018-03-31

The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)

0021-9258

1083-351X

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

1545-5300

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

The development of effective programs to prevent marital dysfunction has been a recent focus for marital researchers, but the effective dissemination of these programs to engaged couples has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study is to determine which factors predict couples’ participation in premarital counseling. Predictive factors were derived from the health prevention literature, with a particular focus on the health belief model (HBM). Couples’ beliefs and attitudes about premarital counseling were assessed at least six months before their wedding, and participation was assessed after their wedding. Results indicate that the strongest predictors of couples’ participation were couples’ perceptions of barriers to counseling and whether they had counseling recommended to them. These variables predicted participation even after controlling for important demographic variables. Recommendations for recruiting engaged couples for premarital counseling are made based on the findings.

Electronic Resource

1467-6494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

This multimethod research linked the Big Five personality dimensions to interpersonal conflicts. Agreeableness was the focus because this dimension is associated with motives to maintain positive interpersonal relations. Converging responses to both hypothetical conflicts and to diary records of actual daily interpersonal conflicts across a two-week period were assessed. Agreeableness was expected to moderate affective responses and tactical choices during conflicts. Patterns of daily conflict were related to self-reported reactions to hypothetical conflicts and to teacher-rated adjustment in adolescents. As predicted, Agreeableness was related to responsiveness to conflict. Agreeableness differences and use of destructive tactics in conflict were significantly related to evaluations of the individual’s adjustment by knowledgeable raters. Among the Big Five dimensions, Agreeableness was most closely associated with processes and outcomes during interpersonal conflict.

Electronic Resource

1748-7692

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

We documented the progression and timing of the annual molt of harbor seals on Tugidak Island, Alaska, from 1997 to 1999. In all years the timing of molting differed among age-sex classes. Yearlings molted first, subadults second, adult females third, and lastly adult males. Timing of molting was nearly identical in 1997–1998, whereas in 1999 molting occurred three to six days later for all age-sex classes except yearlings. Estimated dates when peak proportions of each age-sex class were molting ranged from 2 August (yearlings) to 2 September (adult males). The number of seals hauled out was positively related to the proportion of seals in the molt and negatively related to the proportion of seals in the postmolt. Population trend estimates, based on aerial counts conducted during a narrow window within the molting period, are likely biased toward certain age-sex classes. Statistical models used to estimate trend include covariates to help account for within-year variation in seal numbers, but do not account for compositional changes that occur during molting. Population modeling may elucidate the effects of within-year population structure on trend estimates. Monitoring molting phenology at additional sites is necessary to determine the extent of geographic variation in molting.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1748-7692

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The number of seals on shore at Tugidak Island (Gulf of Alaska) declined 72%–85% between 1976 and 1988 and increased during the 1990s. We compared pupping phenology and the ratio of pupping-period counts to molting-period counts between declining (1976–1979) and increasing (1994–1998) years, and examined the sex/age structure of seals ashore during the 1990s. In the 1970s the onset and peak of pupping occurred 6–18 d later than in the 1990s. Rate of pup abandonment was higher in 1978 than in the 1990s. Between 1994 and 1995, the maximum and mean number of seals ashore increased 〉50%, largely due to an increase in non-pups. From 1995 to 1998, the sex/age structure of seals ashore was similar among years. We observed three to four times as many seals during the molting period than during the pupping period in the 1970s, whereas similar numbers were ashore during these periods in the 1990s, perhaps reflecting changes in demography and/or haul-out behavior. Changes in pupping phenology and demography may reflect environmental changes, such as food availability, and when monitored in conjunction with population counts, may help us better interpret changes in the number of seals ashore.

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] The mechanism by which germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes cause susceptibility to tumour formation is not yet understood. Studies in vitro indicate that heterozygosity for these mutations, unlike homozygosity, does not affect mismatch repair. Surprisingly, no loss of heterozygosity at ...

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] The genetics of asthma and atopy have been difficult to determine because these diseases are genetically heterogeneous and modified by environment. The pedigrees in our study (n=86) originate in eastern central Finland (Kainuu province). According to census records, this region had only 200 ...

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] Most tumours arising in individuals affected with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is also detected in a subset of sporadic colorectal and extracolonic carcinomas. MSI is the consequence of non-repaired, ...

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] Disruption of histone acetylation patterns is a common feature of cancer cells, but very little is known about its genetic basis. We have identified truncating mutations in one of the primary human histone deacetylases, HDAC2, in sporadic carcinomas with microsatellite instability and in tumors ...

Electronic Resource

1546-170X

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] Microsatellite (MS) mutations can potentially unravel the past of mutator phenotype tumors, with greater genetic diversity expected in older regions. Rapid clonal expansions of xenografts were characterized by relatively homogenous MS alleles, whereas greater diversity was observed in a colorectal ...

Electronic Resource

1546-170X

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] By screening members of Finnish families displaying hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) for predisposing germline mutations in MSH2 and MLH1, we show that two mutations in MLH1 together account for 63% (19/30) of kindreds meeting international diagnostic criteria. Mutation 1, ...

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] As no clues to the molecular genetic background of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were available, novel approaches were necessary to focus the search for the predisposing gene. In comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), a single hybridization allows DNA copy number changes in the whole genome of a tumour ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] BRCA1, BRCA2 and other known susceptibility genes account for less than half of the detectable hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Other relevant genes therefore remain to be discovered. Recently a new BRCA2-binding protein, PALB2, was identified. The BRCA2–PALB2 interaction is ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Studies of hereditary cancer syndromes have contributed greatly to our understanding of molecular events involved in tumorigenesis. Here we investigate the molecular background of the Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, (PJS), a rare hereditary disease in which there is predisposition to benign and ...

Electronic Resource

1467-6494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Abstract This multimethod research linked the Big-Five personality dimensions to interpersonal conflict in childhood. Agreeableness was the personality dimension of focus because this dimension has been associated with maintaining positive interpersonal relations in adolescents and adults. In two studies, elementary school children were assessed on the Big-Five domains of personality. Study 1 (n=276) showed that agreeableness was uniquely associated with endorsements of conflict resolution tactics in children as well as parent and teacher reports of coping and adjustment. Study 2 (n=234) revealed that children's perceptions of themselves and others during conflict was influenced by their agreeableness regardless of their partner's agreeableness. Observers also reported that pairs higher in agreeableness had more harmonious, constructive conflicts. Overall findings suggest that of the Big-Five dimensions, agreeableness is most closely associated with processes and outcomes related to interpersonal conflict and adjustment in children.

Electronic Resource

1420-9136

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Geosciences

Physics

Summary The mean zonal and meridional wind components of the northern hemisphere at different pressure levels for the summer season June–August have been determined and the mean meridional mass circulation has been computed as a function of latitude. From the mass circulation the meridional flux of moisture is computed for the latitudinal belt 0°–45° N. Using the horizontal divergence of this flux the average difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration from the earth's surface is evaluated.

Electronic Resource

1432-0827

Trochanteric soft tissue thickness ; Dual-X-ray absorptiometry ; Hip circumference ; Body mass index ; Elderly

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Physics

Summary There is considerable uncertainty about which factors best predict hip fractures in the elderly. We have previously shown that a global measure of body habitus, the body mass index (BMI), is an important predictor of hip fracture in this age group. BMI may serve as a surrogate measure of trochanteric soft tissue thickness. To determine a more local assessment of trochanteric soft tissue, we compared trochanteric soft tissue thickness by ultrasound to other local measures of trochanteric soft tissue thickness (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] and hip circumference) and global measures of body habitus [body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hip/waist circumference] in 50 healthy, community-dwelling women [72±4 years old (mean±SD)]. Ultrasound was highly correlated with DXA trochanteric soft tissue (r2=0.815, P〈0.0001), hip circumference (r2=0.810, P〈0.0001), BMI (r2=0.721, P〈0.0001), and BIA (r2=0.743, P〈0.0001). Trochanteric soft tissue thickness measured by DXA was also significantly (P〈0.0001) correlated with BMI and BIA. We conclude that local assessments of trochanteric soft tissue thickness, including DXA and hip circumference, provide an easy and noninvasive technique to assess trochanteric soft tissue thickness.

Electronic Resource

1439-6327

Rectal temperature ; Circadian rhythm ; Cutaneous circulation ; Plethysmography ; Laser-Doppler

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The aim of the present study was to examine the circadian variation in skin blood flow and its relationship to the rhythm of rectal temperature. Eight young men were confined to continuous bed rest for 24 h in a thermoneutral environment. Rectal temperature, oxygen consumption, and peripheral blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry and plethysmography) were measured at intervals of 2 h, except at 2400 hours and 0600 hours. According to the cosinor-method, the mean rectal temperature displayed a statistically significant circadian variation with a minimum at 0400 hours. A significant circadian rhythm was also observed in total finger blood flow, finger laser-Doppler flow, and forearm laser-Doppler flow, but not in total forearm blood flow and forehead laser-Doppler flow. The rhythms of rectal temperature and extremity skin blood flow were phased differently, i.e. the decrease in rectal temperature was preceded by an increase in extremity skin blood flow with an average of 4-h time difference. The results would support the idea that circadian rhythm of core temperature is, at least in part, regulated by variation in extremity skin blood flow.

Electronic Resource