Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Gustafson)

2012-07-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Aging/*genetics ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*genetics/*physiopathology/prevention & control ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mutation/*genetics ; Plaque, Amyloid/genetics/metabolism

0926-6542

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0926-6542

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0009-8981

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0378-4347

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0006-291X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

1435-604X

Autofluorescence ; Laser-induced fluorescence ; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Tissue diagnostics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Physics

Technology

Abstract We have investigated laser-induced fluorescence frompost mortem human arteries in order to find spectroscopic properties allowing discrimination between normal and atherosclerotic vessel wall. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting light at a wavelength of 337.1 nm was used as an excitation source. The fluorescence spectrum from 370 to 700 nm was captured and analysed by an optical multichannel analyser. Dimensionless contrast functions were formed by using characteristic spectral features at 390, 415, 480, 580 and 600 nm. All samples were investigated in scans across a region where normal as well as diseased vessel wall appeared. The types of plaque were histopathologically divided into four groups, of which three could be singled out using one or more of our spectroscopic criteria. We also investigated the different layers of the normal and diseased vessel wall in order to determine the various contributions to the fluorescence signal. Furthermore, plasma emission spectra were recorded while ablating the normal as well as the diseased vessel wall with an excimer laser, emitting radiation at 308 nm, thus detecting the change in spectral characteristics during the ablation process down into deeper layers.

Electronic Resource

1432-0568

Key words Vitamin A ; Retinoid binding proteins ; Yolk sac ; Placenta ; Mouse

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A). Since the regulation of materno-fetal transport of vitamin A is not well understood, we examined the localization of these proteins during the development of the mouse chorio-allantoic and yolk sac placentas. The labyrinthine region of the chorio-allantoic placenta, where exchange of substances can occur between the maternal and fetal circulations, did not contain RBP (mRNA or protein) or antigen(s) similar to the bovine RBP-receptor p63, whereas the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac placenta, the second site for materno-fetal transport, did. Furthermore, only the endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac appeared to strongly accumulate radiolabelled retinoids. The cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP I) was detected both in the trophoblast layer of the placental labyrinth closest to the fetal endothelium (layer III), and in the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac. Together, these findings suggest that the yolk sac placenta mediates retinol transfer to the embryo/fetus throughout the entire gestation. The chorio-allantoic placenta, on the other hand, does not appear to have this capacity, while the presence of CRBP I does suggest a retinol-metabolizing capability.

Electronic Resource

1432-0711

Estrogens ; Progestogens ; Menopause ; Oophorectomy ; Serum lipoproteins

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Norethisterone acetate (NET) was administered to 11 oophorectomized women, primed with either 17-C-alkylated ethinylestradiol (EE) or the non-alkylated estrogen, estradiol valerate (E2V), to evaluate the effects on lipid metabolism. Blood samples were drawn after a period without hormonel replacement therapy and after 6 weeks on each estrogen and estrogen-progestogen combination. Serum and lipoprotein lipids were followed and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with blood glucose and plasma insulin determinations. NET reversed the increase in serum triglycerides induced by EE and, when added to either estrogen, increased low density lipoproteins and reversed the high density lipoprotein lipid increase induced by both estrogens. The NET + EE, but not the NET + E2V combination, impaired glucose tolerance.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Sulfonylurea action ; glucose tolerance ; plasma insulin ; lipoproteins ; diabetes mellitus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Summary The effects of a new sulfonylurea (Ro 6-4563) have been studied on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, lipids, and lipoprotein pattern in 29 patients with maturity onset diabetes. After 4 weeks of treatment 3 different reactions have been distinguished and are discussed: I. No response, viz. same glucose tolerance and insulin levels before and after treatment. II. Improved glucose tolerance without increased insulin levels. III. Improved glucose tolerance with higher insulin levels. Sulfonylurea treatment had no effect on plasma lipids or lipoprotein pattern. Clinically “good blood sugar control” could not be correlated with good lipid control. Response II supports the view that sulfonylurea compounds do not necessarily act by increasing plasma insulin levels.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Cholesterol ; clofibrate ; hyperlipoproteinaemia type II ; nicotinic acid ; phenoxyacetic acid derivatives ; triglycerides

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Summary The plasma lipid-reducing effect of a new phenoxyacetic acid derivative (GP 45.699) has been studied in nine patients with lipoproteinaemia Type II A or Type II B. GP 45, 699, 0.75 g per day produced a marked (average 26%) fall in the plasma cholesterol. Doubling the dose led to further reduction of cholesterol, but plasma triglycerides rose. This was associated with an increase in plasma triglyceride turnover as measured by an intravenous fat-loading test (Intralipid), an elevation in serum simplastin A, and with a rise in the SGOT and SGPT levels. — It is suggested that GP 45.699 which is related chemically to clofibrate, has a marked effect on cholesterol catabolism and on the rate of turnover of plasma triglycerides. It also affects liver cells causing increased synthesis of plasma triglycerides or pre-beta-lipoprotein, and, in some cases receiving high doses (1.5 g daily), there may also be liver damage. Despite its promising capacity to reduce the plasmacholesterol level, there may not be sufficient justification for its routine use in cases of lipoproteinaemias.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

PDX chloride ; cholesterol ; clofibrate ; hyperlipoproteinaemia type II ; bile acid sequestrant

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Summary Eleven patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type II A, who were relatively resistant to hypolipidaemic drugs, were treated for four to six months with an anion exchange resin, Secholex® (PDX chloride), 15 g per day. The mean monthly plasma cholesterol level decreased by 10–18% (p〈0.01 andp〈0.001 respectively) from its pre-treatment value of 431±50 mg/100 ml (mean ±95% confidence limits). The reduction of plasma cholesterol was due mainly to a decrease in low density lipoproteins (LDL) of 50 mg/100 ml (p〈0.01). Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were moderately (p〈0.05) reduced and high density lipoproteins (HDL) remained unchanged. The mean pretreatment plasma triglyceride level (110±30 mg/100 ml) did not alter significantly. Nine of the patients had previously received clofibrate and in them Secholex reduced plasma cholesterol by 17% and clofibrate by 6%. Excluding one patient on clofibrate who had an unexpected increase in plasma cholesterol, there was little difference between the efficacy of clofibrate and Secholex. After four months two patients withdrew from the trial because of constipation. There was slight transient increase in mean serum alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in serum uric acid during treatment with Secholex.

Electronic Resource

1432-1793

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract We report nutrient addition bioassays at 18 stations in Chesapeake Bay (USA) to assess resources limiting phytoplankton growth. Data were pooled from several sampling programs conducted from 1989 to 1994. Spatially, light and P limitation declined from low salinity regions to high salinity regions, as N limitation increased. This spatial pattern was driven primarily by freshwater inflows with high N/P and seawater inflows with low N/P. Seasonally, there was a marked progression of winter light limitation, spring P limitation, and summer N limitation at mesohaline and polyhaline stations. The seasonal pattern appeared to be caused by temperature, mixing, river discharge, and sediment P fluxes. At high salinity stations, we also observed winter N limitation (caused by DIN depletion prior to spring nitrate delivery), and at lower salinity stations there was fall P limitation (caused by reaeration of bottom sediments). At tidal fresh stations, turbidity and nutrient concentrations resulted in continuous light limitation, except at some stations in summer. Interannual decreases in light limitation and increases in N and P limitation appear to represent improvements in water quality.

Electronic Resource

1573-0603

trachea ; mucin-producing cells ; primary culture ; differentiated epithelial cells

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Summary Tracheae obtained from the domestic fowl were incubated with a pronase/EDTA mixture to dissociate the epithelial cells. The freshly isolated cells were placed on collagen-coated coverglasses in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37°C. Mucin-producing cells as well as basal cells were present in the cultures which reached confluency within 3 d. This primary cell culture system may prove useful for thein vitro study of mucin synthesis and secretion.

Electronic Resource

0003-276X

Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Medicine

Primary cell cultures enriched in mucin-producing cells and basal cells were established from the trachea of the domestic fowl. Epithelial cells were selectively removed from the trachea after incubation in 0.1% pronase/0.1% EDTA in Moscona's saline. The majority of the ciliated cells were removed during the initial 30 minutes of incubation. After 50 minutes of incubation, aggregates of mucin-producing cells and basal cells were removed in large numbers. The cellular aggregates rapidly attached to a collagen-coated substratum and the cells spread out on the culture surface. The mucin-producing cells retained their AB/PAS-reactive secretory granules. The basal cells replicated and as the culture approached confluency, these cells developed a fine dusting of AB/PAS-reactive material; later, larger secretory granules appeared in the cells. These observations suggest that mucin-producing cells are capable of retaining their AB/PAS-reactive secretory products in primary culture and that basal cells are capable of differentiating into mucin-producing cells in vitro.

4 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0002-9106

Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Medicine

Changes in Leydig cell histology and testicular sudanophilic lipids were examined in relation to spermatogenic activity in the bat Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) throughout the annual cycle in the northeastern United States. These changes were correlated with annual variations in plasma testosterone concentrations which have recently been described for this species. Gametogenic activity occurred during the months of May-August when bats were metabolically most active. During hibernation (October-April), when sperm are stored in the epididymides, and accessory glands are hypertrophic, the seminiferous tubules were at rest, and the germinal epithelium was reduced to reserve spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Based on their structure and cyclic pattern of sudanophilic lipids, Leydig cells exhibited a pattern of activity that closely paralleled that of the seminiferous epithelium. On renewal of spermatogenesis in spring, Leydig cells became hypertrophied and accumulated lipid inclusions. These inclusions, seen as vacuoles in plastic sections and sudanophilic droplets in frozen sections, reched maximal accumulations in late June. In late July and during August, when peak testosterone levels occur in blood, lipid droplets were dramatically depleted, and Leydig cells were weakly sudanophilic. In September, when testosterone titers return to low baseline levels, Leydig cells had regressed but exhibited a marked increase in sudanophilic inclusions which appeared to be mostly lipofuscins. During the ensuing mating and hibernation periods, Leydig cells were involuted and filled with lipofuscins. During the periarousal period, however, Leydig cells became weakly Sudan-positive while many large, intensely sudanophilic cells were scattered throughout the interstitium. In electron micrographs these cells were identified as macrophages. They appear to play an important role in the annual testicular cycle by phagocytizing the residues of Leydig cell involution in preparation for a new steroidogenic cycle. Seasonal changes in lipid inclusions were also observed in the seminiferous tubules. In addition, the relationship of the Leydig cell cycle to androgen action and the accessory organs in this bat is discussed.

17 Ill.

Electronic Resource