Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Farrell)

2018-03-13

American Heart Association (AHA)

1524-4539

Medicine

Basic Science Research, Proteomics, Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic, Association Studies, Functional Genomics

2018-03-20

American Heart Association (AHA)

1524-4539

Medicine

Biomarkers, Proteomics

2018-01-26

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Chemistry

2012-01-17

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Exocytosis ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Mutagenesis ; Organelles/*metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Toxoplasma/genetics/growth & development/*physiology/ultrastructure

1573-9686

Resonance ; Branching networks ; Volume estimation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Technology

Abstract The resonance conditions associated with the propagation of a harmonic wave within a rigid, lossless branching structure can be explicitly derived. In this study, exact resonance conditions are derived for multi-order, rigid, asymmetric branching structures. These are compared with resonance conditions for rigid, multi-order, symmetric branching structures which we reported previously. The effect of asymmetry on the form of the higher-order resonance condition is discussed. In the low-frequency range, the resonance condition can be modified into simpler forms which facilate volume estimation of the branching structure. Two such volume approximation techniques are presented: (a) a fundamental frequency method, in which the lowest resonance frequency is inversely proportional to the structure volume, and (b) an effective-length method, in which an effective length is calculated for all branches distal to the first bifurcation. Equivalence of the two methods is demonstrated. An experimental study was performed to measure the resonance modes of several second-order glass models with asymmetric branching structures similar to those of mammalian lungs. The resulting volume estimates were in close agreement with the true volumes.

Electronic Resource

2018-07-17

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The histological changes of lichen sclerosus suggest that significant remodelling of the extracellular matrix is occurring. As the proteases of the plasminogen activator system have been implicated in tissue remodelling, cell migration and tumour invasion, we performed an immunohistochemical study to look for evidence of alteration in the expression of plasminogen/plasmin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, tissue-type plasminogen activator and α2-antiplasmin in biopsies of clinically typical vulval lichen sclerosus obtained from 11 untreated adult women. Normal vulva obtained from gynaecological procedures and samples of the patients' uninvolved thigh tissue were used as controls. No significant difference was seen in the staining pattern between the lichen sclerosus tissue and control tissue. However, although we found no immunohistochemical evidence that the plasminogen activator system is involved in the pathogenesis of vulval lichen sclerosus, it may be that other proteases are involved.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Intestinal bypass was a popular surgical procedure for morbid obesity resulting, on average, in a 50 kg weight loss. We describe a 66-year-old woman who underwent the procedure 12 years earlier and subsequently presented with recurrent episodes of erythema nodosum-like lesions. Further investigations revealed hyperoxaluria, renal failure, deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins (causing night blindness, osteomalacia and easy bruising) and anaemia. Antibiotics led to only temporary remission and, as with 24–30% of similar cases, she underwent surgical reversal to prevent the complications from worsening.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

An unusual case is presented of a systemic anaphylactoid reaction to tubocurarine and subsequently to vecuronium. Intradermal testing with vecuronium following the latter response was negative at recommended test dose levels but at a higher concentration it initiated a hazardous systemic response. The laboratory investigations and possible mechanisms involved in this unusual case are discussed in detail since they may relate to other patients who experience anaphylactoid responses to anaesthetic drugs and who then undergo intradermal testing.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has operated the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) continuously since the early 1960s. The original accelerator was converted into a storage ring, called SURF II, in 1974. Then in 1998, motivated mainly by limitations in the accuracy of radiometric calibrations and the wish to extend the spectrum of the emitted synchrotron radiation to shorter wavelengths, a second major upgrade was performed. This time the whole magnet system was replaced to improve the calculability and allow for higher magnetic fields. Since the recommissioning of SURF III we have been working to improve the stability of the stored electron beam through modifications of the radio-frequency system, leading to operations with unprecedented stability and new record injection currents topping 700 mA. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The venous and arterial vasculature of the chinook and coho salmon gastrointestinal tract were examined using corrosion casts and India ink injection techniques. Observations derived from 28 individuals of various sizes and of both sexes were used to construct simplified venous and arterial plans. Examination of the blood vasculature revealed the presence of a variety of anastomoses hitherto undescribed in teleosts.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Adult rainbow trout were acclimated to three different temperature and photoperiod regimes: 17°C, 14 h light: 10 h dark (summer); 7° C, 14 h light: 10 h dark; and 5° C, 8 h light: 16 h dark (winter). Blood was collected from these fish after 40 days acclimation, and the response of red blood cells to in vitro adrenergic stimulation was assessed. To examine potential seasonal variations in endogenous levels of circulating catecholamines, plasma levels of adrenaline (Ad) and noradrenaline (NAd) were measured at rest and after exercise. At rest, there were no differences between groups in plasma levels of either Ad or NAd, but, after exercise, the pattern of catecholamine elevation differed. In fish acclimated to 17 and 7° C in summer, Ad and NAd increased by about the same amount (10–15 times). In fish acclimated to 5° C in winter, NAd increased about three-fold, compared to the near 50-fold increase in Ad levels. Whether this difference between groups can be attributed to seasonal influences is unclear. At both low (0·5%) and high (2%) PCO2, adrenergic stimulation (2 × 10-7 M Ad) of trout red cells in vitro led to a significant reduction in MCHC (mean cell [haemoglobin]), compared to non-stimulated cells. However, only at the high PCO2 were pHe and red cell pHi significantly different from those in the non-stimulated cells: the latter was higher and the former lower in the stimulated cells. There were no differences in the response of red cells to adrenergic stimulation between groups of fish. Under the conditions of the present study no influence of season and/or temperature on the in vitro response of trout red cells to adrenergic stimulation was shown.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Hatchery cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki were used to examine the effects of 48 h and 3 week temperature acclimation periods on critical swimming speed (Ucrit). The Ucrit was determined for fish at acclimation temperatures of 7, 14 and 18° C using two consecutive ramp-Ucrit tests in mobile Brett-type swim tunnels. An additional group was tested at the stock's ambient rearing temperature of 10° C. The length of the temperature acclimation period had no significant effect on either the first or the second Ucrit(Ucrit-1 and Ucrit-2, respectively) or on the recovery ratio (the quotient of Ucrit-2 Ucrit-1−1). As anticipated, there was a significant positive relationship between Ucrit-1 and temperature (P 〈 0·01) for both acclimation periods, and an increasing, though non-significant, trend between Ucrit-2 and temperature (P = 0·10). Acclimation temperature had no significant effect (P = 0·71) on the recovery ratio. These results indicate that a 48 h acclimation to experimental temperatures within the range of −3 to +8° C of the acclimation temperature may be sufficient in studies of swimming performance with this species. This ability to acclimate rapidly is probably adaptive for cutthroat trout and other species that occupy thermally variable environments.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Routine oxygen consumption (Mo2) was 35% higher in 1 day starved and 21% higher in 4 day starved adult transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch relative to end of migration ocean-ranched coho salmon. Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and Mo2 at Ucrit (Mo2max) were significantly lower in 4 day starved transgenic coho salmon (1·25 BL s−1; 8·79 mg O2 kg−1 min−1) compared to ocean-ranched coho salmon (1·60 BL s−1; 9·87 mg O2 kg−1 min−1). Transgenic fish swam energetically less efficiently than ocean-ranched fish, as indicated by a poorer swimming economy at Ucrit (Mo2max〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00221112:JFB057:JFB_057_mu1" location="equation/JFB_057_mu1.gif"/〉). Although Mo2max was lower in transgenic coho salmon, the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) measured during the first 20 min of recovery was significantly larger in transgenic coho salmon (44·1 mg O2 kg−1) compared with ocean-ranched coho salmon (34·2 mg O2 kg−1), which had a faster rate of recovery.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Two groups of wild (lakedwelling and anadromous), and a group of hatchery-reared Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (rainbow trout) were sampled in order to measure cardiac morphometrics, haemoglobin concentration, and the DNA and protein concentration in cardiac muscle. A combination of these variables was used to distinguish wild fish from domestic ones.The wild fish had significantly higher levels of haemoglobin (for male fish, 10.10 and 10.07 g 100 ml−1 vs. 7.69 g d−1) and larger relative ventricle mass (females, 0.091 and 0.099% ofbody mass vs. 0.073%; males, 0.108 and 0.134% vs. 0.102%; immatures, 0.086 and 0.094% vs. 0, 072%, respectively) than the domestic fish. The anadromous and domestic fish had significantly higher amounts of compact tissue when compared with lake fish (females, 43 and 47% of ventricle mass vs. 34%, respectively). Ventricle size distinguished wild fish from domestic fish, except male anadromous and male domestic fish which were distinguished only by haemoglobin and compact tissue values. Immature fishes from all groups had lower total protein levels in the ventricle, lower compact tissue levels, and less haemoglobin. Points regarding the potential environmental influences in determining these cardiovascular trends are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The appearance and proportions of morphologically distinct leucocytes (monocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes and diverse forms of granulocytes) encountered in the blood of four teleost species: coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, brook stickleback Culaea inconstans and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, are presented, along with examples of how water quality influenced their relative proportions. The results clearly show that relative leucocyte number responds significantly and differently to changes in water quality. The value of using differential white cell counting as a quick and inexpensive component of assaying immune system alterations is discussed.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Depending on population, wild Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka travel distances of 〈100 km to 〉1100 km and ascend elevations ranging from near sea-level to 1200 m to reach spawning areas. Populations embarking on distant, high elevation migrations (i.e. Early Stuart, Chilko and Horsefly populations) began their upriver spawning migrations with higher densities of somatic energy (c. 9·2 to 9·8 MJ kg−1) and fewer eggs (c. 3200 to 3800) than populations making shorter, low elevation migrations (i.e. Weaver and Adams; c. 7·1 to 8·3 MJ kg−1 gross somatic energy and c. 4300 to 4700 eggs). Populations making difficult upriver migrations also had morphologies that were smaller and more fusiform than populations making less difficult migrations, traits that may facilitate somatic energy conservation by reducing transport costs. Indeed, fish travelling long distances expended less somatic energy per unit of migratory difficulty than those travelling shorter distances (2·8 to 3·8 kJ v. 10–1400 kJ). Consistent with evolutionary theory, difficult migrations appear to select for energy efficiency but ultimately fish making more difficult migrations produce fewer eggs, even when differences in body length have been accounted for. Despite large among-population differences in somatic energy at the start of upriver migration, all populations completed migration and spawning, and subsequently died, with c. 4 MJ kg−1 of energy remaining, a level which may reflect a threshold to sustain life.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Releasing a population of adult Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from an energetically more expensive non-feeding natural migration (1089 km, natal groups) and allowing them to sexually mature in either a moderate flow (captive exercise group) or a no flow (captive non-exercise group) environment resulted in significant differences in body energy densities (MJ kg−1) among groups (ranked: initial natural migrator 〉 non-exercise 〉 exercise 〉 natal arrivals). Similarly, per cent body lipids were significantly lower in exercise females compared with non-exercise females, experimentally confirming the central role lipid catabolism has in powering swimming. Although restricting exercise did result in greater body energy reserves at spawning, this did not result in a reallocation of energy to reproduction, as fecundity, egg size and gonad composition were unchanged among the groups. Furthermore, non-exercise females had delayed maturity, lower egg deposition rates, and were more likely to die prior to egg ovulation than exercise females and natal spawners. Eggs from captive exercise adult females were more likely to survive to the eyed stage than eggs from captive non-exercise females, but both captive groups had significantly lower egg fertilization success than natal spawners suggesting that confinement stress played a role in some of results presented. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of glucose, lactate, cortisol and reproductive hormones among the groups, but correlations among acute and chronic indicators of stress were significant among individuals. These results indicate that exercise during the late stages of maturation, as might occur normally, may be required for optimizing reproductive maturation and maximizing reproductive success.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Although telemetered heart rate (fH) has been used as a physiological correlate to predict the metabolic rate (as oxygen consumption, V̇O2) of fish in the field, it is our contention that the method has not been validated adequately for fish. If fH in fish is to be used to estimate V̇O2, a single linear (or log-linear) relationship must be established for each species between the two variables which allows V̇O2 to be predicted accurately under all environmentally relevant conditions. Our analyses of existing data indicate that while a good linear (or log-linear) relationship can be established between fH and V̇O2, the conditions under which the relationship applies may be quite restricted. Physiological states and environmental factors affect the relationship between fH and V̇O2 significantly such that several curves can exist for a single species. In addition, there are situations in which fH and V̇O2 do not covary in a significant manner. In some situations fH can vary over much of its physiological range while V̇O2 remains constant; in others V̇O2 may vary while fH is invariate. The theoretical basis for this variability is examined to explain why the use of telemetered fH in predicting V̇O2 of fish may be limited to certain specified applications.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Approximately 200 km from the mouth of the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, were gastrically implanted with radio transmitters without anaesthetic. Subsets of the transmitter implanted fish were also biopsied which included drawing blood from the caudal peduncle (3 ml), removal of gill tissue (0·03 g) and quantification of energetic status using a microwave fat meter. Several experiments were used to test the hypothesis that the biopsy had a negligible effect on the subsequent survival and migratory behaviour of transmitter implanted fish. In the first experiment, no difference was found in the survival (both 100%) or tag retention (both 100%) between the two treatment groups (transmitter implanted with and without biopsy) when fish were held in pens for 24 h in the marine environment. Similarly, in other experiments where fish were released to the ocean to resume their migratory journey, no statistical differences were found in the travel times of fish in the two treatment groups, or in the proportion of fish that passed in-river telemetry checkpoints. These results indicated that the handling and biopsy methods produced similar levels of mortality and tag retention as the telemetry treatment alone and that any changes in behaviour between the two treatment groups did not adversely affect migration time. Based upon the evidence provided from the biotelemetry of 〉300 adult sockeye salmon, it was felt that this general type of approach could be applicable to other fish species.

Electronic Resource