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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressB. Misof ; S. Liu ; K. Meusemann ; R. S. Peters ; A. Donath ; C. Mayer ; P. B. Frandsen ; J. Ware ; T. Flouri ; R. G. Beutel ; O. Niehuis ; M. Petersen ; F. Izquierdo-Carrasco ; T. Wappler ; J. Rust ; A. J. Aberer ; U. Aspock ; H. Aspock ; D. Bartel ; A. Blanke ; S. Berger ; A. Bohm ; T. R. Buckley ; B. Calcott ; J. Chen ; F. Friedrich ; M. Fukui ; M. Fujita ; C. Greve ; P. Grobe ; S. Gu ; Y. Huang ; L. S. Jermiin ; A. Y. Kawahara ; L. Krogmann ; M. Kubiak ; R. Lanfear ; H. Letsch ; Y. Li ; Z. Li ; J. Li ; H. Lu ; R. Machida ; Y. Mashimo ; P. Kapli ; D. D. McKenna ; G. Meng ; Y. Nakagaki ; J. L. Navarrete-Heredia ; M. Ott ; Y. Ou ; G. Pass ; L. Podsiadlowski ; H. Pohl ; B. M. von Reumont ; K. Schutte ; K. Sekiya ; S. Shimizu ; A. Slipinski ; A. Stamatakis ; W. Song ; X. Su ; N. U. Szucsich ; M. Tan ; X. Tan ; M. Tang ; J. Tang ; G. Timelthaler ; S. Tomizuka ; M. Trautwein ; X. Tong ; T. Uchifune ; M. G. Walzl ; B. M. Wiegmann ; J. Wilbrandt ; B. Wipfler ; T. K. Wong ; Q. Wu ; G. Wu ; Y. Xie ; S. Yang ; Q. Yang ; D. K. Yeates ; K. Yoshizawa ; Q. Zhang ; R. Zhang ; W. Zhang ; Y. Zhang ; J. Zhao ; C. Zhou ; L. Zhou ; T. Ziesmann ; S. Zou ; X. Xu ; H. Yang ; J. Wang ; K. M. Kjer ; X. Zhou
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2014Staff ViewPublication Date: 2014-11-08Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Genetic Code ; Genome, Insect ; Genomics ; Insect Proteins/*classification/genetics ; Insects/*classification/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Time FactorsPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressK. M. Kjer ; J. L. Ware ; J. Rust ; T. Wappler ; R. Lanfear ; L. S. Jermiin ; X. Zhou ; H. Aspock ; U. Aspock ; R. G. Beutel ; A. Blanke ; A. Donath ; T. Flouri ; P. B. Frandsen ; P. Kapli ; A. Y. Kawahara ; H. Letsch ; C. Mayer ; D. D. McKenna ; K. Meusemann ; O. Niehuis ; R. S. Peters ; B. M. Wiegmann ; D. K. Yeates ; B. M. von Reumont ; A. Stamatakis ; B. Misof
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-08-01Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Insect Proteins/*classification ; Insects/*classification ; *PhylogenyPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesTochon-Danguy, H.J. ; Townsend, D. ; Wensveen, M. ; Frey, P. ; Christin, A. ; Geissbuhler, A. ; Donath, A. ; Ravn, H. ; Deltenre, R.
Amsterdam : ElsevierStaff ViewISSN: 0022-1139Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0883-2889Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power EngineeringType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0167-5087Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power EngineeringPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesFrey, P. ; Schaller, G. ; Christin, A. ; Townsend, D. ; Tochon-Danguy, H. ; Wensveen, M. ; Donath, A.
Amsterdam : ElsevierStaff ViewISSN: 0168-9002Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: PhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesJeavons, A. ; Kull, K. ; Lindberg, B. ; Lee, G. ; Townsend, D. ; Frey, P. ; Donath, A.
Amsterdam : ElsevierStaff ViewISSN: 0029-554XSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power EngineeringPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual X-ray absorptiometry ; Peak bone mass ; Reference rangesSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The so-called peak bone mass (PBM) represents the highest amount of bony tissue achieved during life at a given site of the skeleton. It has been suggested that PBM might be achieved as late as the fourth decade, but recent data have indicated that PBM is already achieved by the end of sexual maturation, namely at the end of the second decade. The solving of this apparent controversy is of interest for a better understanding of bone homeostasis and for defining the cohort of normal subjects to be evaluated in order to establish a PBM reference range — necessary for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and evaluation of the fracture risk. To study bone mass evolution in young healthy adults and to determine whether such a cohort can be used to establish PBM reference values, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) in sixty 20- to 35-year-old young healthy adults by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the levels of the lumbar spine (in both anteroposterior and lateral views), femoral neck, trochanter region, total hip and of Ward's triangle, as well as whole-body BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. In the cross-sectional analysis, none of the bone mass variables was dependent on age using linear regression analysis. The longitudinal study indicated that the mean changes in lumbar spine, proximal femur and whole body BMD or BMC determined after a 1-year interval were not statistically different from zero in either females or males aged 20–35 years. In conclusion, the present results confirm that at the levels of lumbar spine and proximal femur, two sites particularly at risk of osteoporotic fractures, PBM can be achieved before the third and fourth decades in both male and female normal subjects.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Lumbar vertebraeSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae in the anteroposterior (AP) view may be overestimated in osteoarthritis or with aortic calcification, which are common in elderly. Furthermore, the risk of spinal crush fracture should be more closely related inversely to the BMD of the vertebral body than to that of the posterior arch. Therefore, we measured BMD of lumbar vertebrae in lateral (LAT) view (L2–L3), using a standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA), thus eliminating most of the posterior spinal elements. The precision of BMD LAT measurement was determined both in vitro and in healthy volunteers. Then, we compared the capability of BMD LAT and BMD AP scans for monitoring bone loss related to age and for discriminating the BMD of postmenopausal women with nontraumatic vertebral fractures from that of young subjects. In vitro, when a spine phantom was placed in lateral position in the middle of 26 cm of water in order to simulate both soft-tissue thickness and X-ray source remoteness, the coefficient of variation (CV) of six repeated determinations of BMD was 1.0%. In vivo, the CV of paired BMD LAT measurements obtained in 20 healthy volunteers after repositioning was 2.8%. The age-related difference between a peak bone mass group estimated in a group of 27 healthy women aged 20 to 35 years and a group of 50 women aged 60 to 75 years, in whom neither vertebral fracture nor osteoporosis risk factors could be detected, were 21.7% and 37.6% in AP and LAT view, respectively. An arbitrary BMD fracture threshold was defined in AP and LAT views as the 90th percentile of the BMD value of a group of 22 osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures. The distribution of BMD AP and LAT above and below this threshold in 169 consecutively screened women without vertebral fracture was then analysed. In both AP and LAT views, 39.1% and 31.3% had BMD values above and below this threshold, respectively. Of the remaining, 16.0% had a BMD below this threshold only in AP and 13.6% only in LAT view. Thus, if BMD LAT was a better reflection of vertebral body bone mass than BMD AP, and thereby a better predictor of the resistance to crush fracture, our results would suggest that only the use of the standard AP view could under- or overestimate spinal fracture risk in about 30% of women screened for osteoporosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that BMD measurement in lateral view is feasible with a standard DEXA instrument. This mode of scanning, besides overcoming artefacts due to osteoarthritis of the posterior arch and aortic calcifications, appears to provide a greater sensitivity for assessing bone mass loss of the vertebral body than the standard anteroposterior scan.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0584Keywords: Vitamin B 12-Absorption ; perniziöse Anämie ; Schilling-Test ; Intrinsic Factor ; Malabsorption ; Vitamin B 12 absorption ; Pernicious anaemia ; Schilling testSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Summary The clinical and laboratory data from 75 patients with altered vitamin B 12 absorption were reviewed. In 36 cases the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia had been established. Of these, 14 patients showed malabsorption of radiolabelled vitamin B 12, but the absorption of vitamin B 12 bound to the intrinsic factor (IF) was normal (Group A). The other 22 patients with pernicious anaemia showed altered free and IF-bound vitamin B 12 absorption (Group B). Laboratory and clinical data and the absorption tests (xylose and fat excretion) were more abnormal in group B than in group A. Finally, 39 patients (Group C) with general malabsorption showed alteration of the absorption of free and IF-bound vitamin B 12 (Group C). The clinical and biological data were different in these patients from that found in groups A and B. It is possible that in patients with pernicious anaemia who are untreated an alteration of the intestinal mucosa may produce a malabsorption of vitamin B 12 even in the presence of intrinsic factor.Notes: Zusammenfassung Klinische Angaben und Labordaten von 75 Patienten mit gestörter Vitamin B 12-Absorption wurden untersucht. Bei 36 Fällen wurde die Diagnose Anaemia Perniciosa (PA) gestellt. Vierzehn von den letzteren wiesen nur eine Malabsorption von freiem radiomarkiertem Vitamin B12 und nicht vom Intrinsic Factor (IF)-gebundenem Vitamin B 12 auf (Gruppe A). Die weiteren 22 Patienten mit PA zeigten eine defekte Absorption von beiden, freiem und gebundenem Vitamin B 12 (Gruppe B). Bei den letzteren waren die klinischen Befunde und die Laborwerte (inkl. Xylose-Test und Stuhlfettbestimmung) deutlicher gestört. Bei den übrigen 39 Patienten (Gruppe C) mit einer generellen Malabsorption ist die Absorption des freien und des gebundenen Vitamin B 12 pathologisch ausgefallen. Klinische und biologische Parameter waren in dieser Gruppe von den zwei anderen verschieden. Möglicherweise besteht bei unbehandelten Patienten mit PA ein Defekt in der Darmschleimhaut, der zu einer Vitamin B 12-Malabsorption trotz der Gegenwart von IF führen kann.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1076Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Resumé Etude de l'équilibre acide-base du troisèime au neuvième jour de vie chez 60 nouveau-nés à terme sains, répartis en 4 groupes nourris respectivement avec du lait de femme, du lait de vache entier, du lait de vache entier acidifié et du lait de vache acidifié, partiellement écrémé. Les laits acidifiés causent une acidose métabolique, probablement due à l'immaturité de la fonction rénale, de sorte que l'excès d'acides fournis par l'alimentation ne peut à cet âge être entièrement éliminé dans l'urine. Cette acidose n'a cependant pas empéché un gain de poids satisfaisant qui statistiquement ne différait pas de façon significative de celui des nouveau-nés du groupe recevant un lait isocalorique non-acidifié. La légère augmentation de l'acidose métabolique n'a donc pas de répercussion clinique.Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine Untersuchung des Säure-Base-Gleichgewichtes wurde bei 60 reifen Neugeborenen vom 3. bis 9. Lebenstag durchgeführt. Es wurden vier Gruppen gebildet, die folgende Ernährung erhielten: Muttermilch, 3/4 Kuhmilch, angesäuerte 3/4 Kuhmilch oder angesäuerte 1/2 Kuhmilch. Die Ernährung mit angesäuerter Milch führte zu einer metabolischen Acidose, die auf die in diesem Alter noch nicht ausgereifte Nierenfunktion zurückzuführen ist, so daß der durch die Ernährung zugeführte Säureüberschuß nicht vollständig im Urin eliminiert werden kann. Jedoch zeigt der Vergleich der Gewichtszunahme, daß kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen, die eine isocalorische Milch erhielten, besteht. Die leichte metabolische Acidose kann somit als klinisch unsignifikant bezeichnet werden.Notes: Summary Acid-base balance studies were made in 60 fullterm healthy newborns from the 3rd to the 9th day of life. They were divided into four groups, each receiving one of the following feeding programs: human milk, 3/4 cow's milk, acidified 3/4 cow's milk or acidified 1/2 cow's milk. It was found that the feeding of acidified milk leads to metabolic acidosis, which is probably due to the incapacity of the still immature kidney function to eliminate the excess of acid introduced into the organism by sour milk feeding. A clinical significance, as seen through a comparison of weight gain curves in each group, could not be established: There was no statistically significant difference in weight gain between the group of newborns receiving acidified 3/4 cows' milk and those receiving non-acidified 3/4 cow's milk. The slight increase in metabolic acidosis is therefore considered to be clinically insignificant.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1076Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Resumé Etude de l'équilibre acide-base du 6ème au 15ème jour de vie chez 45 prématurés sains répartis en deux groupes selon leur poids à la naissance (1510 g à 2000 g pour le premier et 2010 à 2500 g pour le deuxième) et en trois groupes selon le type alimentaire: lait de femme, lait de vache dilué à 1/2 et le même lait acidifié. Tous les prématurés présentent une certaine acidose, mais celle-ci est légèrement plus prononcée lors de l'alimentation au lait de vache, et tout particulièrement au lait acidifié. Cette acidose n'a cependant pas empêché un gain de poids satisfaisant, de sorte que la légère augmentation de l'acidose métabolique lors de l'alimentation au lait de vache acidifié n'a pas de répercussion clinique.Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine Untersuchung des Säure-Base-Gleichgewichtes wurde bei 45 gesunden Frühgeborenen vom 6. bis 15. Lebenstag durchgeführt. Es wurden nach dem Geburtsgewicht zwei Gruppen (von 1510 bis 2000 g für die erste und von 2010 bis 2500 g für die zweite Gruppe), und nach der Art der Ernährung drei Gruppen gebildet (Humanmilch, 1/2 Kuhmilch und angesäuerte Kuhmilch). Alle Frühgeborenen zeigten eine gewisse Acidose, doch ist diese durch die Ernährung mit Kuhmilch, besonders mit angesäuerter Kuhmilch, ausgeprägter. Jedoch zeigt der Vergleich der Gewichtszunahme, daß kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen besteht, so daß die leichte metabolische Acidose als klinisch bedeutungslos bezeichnet werden kann.Notes: Summary Acid-base balance studies were made in 45 healthy prematures from their 6th to 15th day of life. They were divided into two groups according to their birth weight (1510 g to 2000 g for the first group and 2010 to 2500 for the second one), and into three groups, each receiving one of the following feeding formulas: human milk, 1/2 cow's milk and acidified 1/2 cow's milk. It was found that all prematures showed an acidosis, but that it was more prononced by feeding cow's milk and especially sour milk. A clinical significance, as seen through a comparison of weight gain curves in each group, could not be established. The slight increase in metabolic acidosis is therefore considered to be clinically insignificant.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1076Keywords: Absorption of Iron ; Influence of Pancreatin ; Pancreas ; Influence on the Absorption of Iron ; PancreatinSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nachdem verschiedene klinische und experimentelle Arbeiten auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Eisenabsorption und Pankreasfunktion hingewiesen haben, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit an jungen Ratten folgende Versuche durchgeführt: 1. Messung der Resorption von markiertem Eisen in Form von Eisensalz und Hämoglobineisen bei Ratten mit und ohne exogen zugeführtem Pankreatin. 2. Verfütterung von markiertem Eisensalz mit und ohne Pankreatinzusatz an normale Versuchstiere und solche, deren Pankreas durch Aethionin geschädigt war. Die Resultate ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsgruppen, d. h. ein Einfluß von exogenem Pankreatin konnte weder bei normalen Ratten noch bei aethioningeschädigten Tieren nachgewiesen werden.Notes: Abstract The absorption of radio-iron salts and hemoglobin-59Fe from the intestine was studied in young rats supplemented with pancreatic extracts in their diet. No effect of the pancreatin on the iron absorption could be demonstrated. In another type of experiment the effect of pancreatin on 59Fe absorption was investigated in normal and ethionin-fed rats. No significant influence of pancreatin on the iron absorption was found, neither in ethionin-treated rats nor in the control animals. These findings are contradictory to observations in the recent literature, which indicate a relationship between iron absorption and pancreatic function.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1440Keywords: Juvenile obesity ; body composition ; total body potassium ; insulin release ; small doses of glucose ; Juvenile Adipositas ; Körperzusammensetzung ; Ganzkörperkalium ; Insulinausschüttung ; kleine Glucose-DosenSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 adipösen Kindern (relatives Gewicht 161–222%) wurden Schwellenuntersuchungen der Insulinsekretion durchgeführt. Glucose wurde in steigenden Dosen (0,02, 0,04, 0,08 und 0,33 g/kg) und stündlichen Abständen innert einer Minute intravenös verabreicht. Glucose und immunoreaktives Insulin (IRI) wurden in kurzen Intervallen nach jeder Dosis bestimmt. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten 12 Normalgewichtige, die so gewählt wurden, daß das totale Gewicht der beiden Vergleichsgruppen ähnlich war. Die Glucosetoleranz war in beiden Gruppen identisch. Das IRI, der IRI/Glucosequotient und der IRI-Anstieg (Δ IRI) waren bei den Adipösen bei allen Dosen signifikant höher. Die kleinste Glucosedosis erlaubte die Unterteilung der Adipösen in zwei Gruppen: Gruppe A mit normalem Δ IRI und Gruppe B mit stark erhöhtem Δ IRI. Die mittels Ganzkörperkaliumbestimmung geschätzte Körperzusammensetzung zeigte, daß die Adipösen der Gruppe B mehr Fettgewebe aufweisen als diejenigen der Gruppe A. Die Resultate zeigen, daß die pathologisch vermehrte Insulinsekretion mit der Körperzusammensetzung zusammenhängt.Notes: Summary In twelve obese children (relative weight 161–222%) threshold studies of insulin secretion were performed after administration of increasing doses of glucose I.V. (0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.33 g/kg body weight) given at 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were determined at short intervals after each dose. The contrast group consisted of twelve subjects of normal body weight selected in such a way that the total weight of the two groups was comparable. The IRI, IRI/Glucose quotient and the increment of IRI over the baseline values (Δ IRI) were significantly increased in the obese group. The response to the smallest glucose dose allowed to divide the obese into two subgroups: group A with a normal Δ IRI and group B with a considerably increased Δ IRI. Determination of the body composition by means of a whole body counter showed that patients of group B have more fat tissue than patients of group A. These results clearly indicate that the pathological insulin secretion is related to body composition.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesSlosman, D. O. ; Rizzoli, R. ; Buchs, B. ; Piana, F. ; Donath, A. ; Bonjour, J. -P.
Springer
Published 1990Staff ViewISSN: 1619-7089Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Dual photon absorptiometry ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometrySource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract We investigated the precision of gadolinium 153 dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) and quantitative digital radiography (QDR) bone densitometers by determining in vitro and in vivo coefficients of variation (CV) of bone mineral density (BMD). In vitro, the long-term CV of spine phantom BMD measured weekly for 40 weeks was 1.2% and 0.7% for DPA and QDR, respectively. Simulating soft-tissue thickness with water, the CV of 6 repeat measurements of spine phantom at depths from 0 to 27 cm in 1 cm steps (a total of 168 measurements) increased from 0.1 % at 0 cm of water to 2.5% at 27 cm for DPA, and from 0.2% at 0 cm to 1.4% at 27 cm for QDR; mean CV of the 28 series (0–27 cm) was higher for DPA (1.2%±0.8%, mean±SD) than for QDR (0.7%±0.6%;P〈0.001). With the hip phantom, femoral neck BMD was determined, and the CV was also dependent on water thickness; mean CV of the 20 series (0–10 cm) was 2.1%±1.2% for DPA and 1.3%±0.9% for QDR (not significant). In vivo, at the spine level, with DPA, mean CV of BMD measured 6 times after repositioning in 6 healthy volunteers was 3.8%±1.9% and 2.1%±0.7% with153Gd activity of 0.46Ci and 1 Ci, respectively (BMD range: 0.796 1.247 g/cm2, no significant difference between the two groups). Both values were significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) than mean CV with QDR: 1.0%±0.5% (12 subjects, same conditions; BMD range: 0.811–1.124 g/cm2, no significant difference with the two previous groups). At the femoral neck and shaft levels, the mean CV observed with QDR tended to be lower as compared with DPA (not significant). At the three sites, BMD values obtained with DPA and QDR in 62 patients were highly correlated. In conclusion, our results indicate that the higher precision obtained with QDR is particularly significant at the lumbar spine level, but large biological variations in soft tissue thickness can still influence the degree of precision of BMD measurement.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1619-7089Keywords: Fluorodeoxyglucose ; Thymidine ; Positron emission tomography ; Cell proliferation ; meta-IodobenzylguanidineSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) is recognized as an accurate tool for the specific diagnosis and staging of cancer. It has also been proposed for the monitoring of anticancer therapy. FDG cell incorporation reflects glycolytic activity whereas inhibition of cell proliferation corresponds to an efficient cancer treatment. The relationship between FDG incorporation and cell proliferation has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to correlate the effects of the toxic agents bleomycin and unlabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) on cellular metabolism and proliferation. We determined the in vitro metabolic and cytotoxic effects of bleomycin and mIBG by measuring the incorporation of fluorine-18 FDG (%UFDG) and hydrogen-3 thymidine (%UTHY) in cells of the human premonocytic line U937 in the presence of increasing concentrations of these agents. Proliferation rate of these cells was studied by means of limiting dilution analysis. %UTHY appeared more sensitive to bleomycin or mIBG-mediated cell injury than %UFDG. After 1 h of exposure to 0.5 μM bleomycin, %UTHY was significantly reduced to 62.0% ± 10.4% of control value whereas %UFDG remained unchanged (91.6% ± 5.3%). Similar results were obtained after 1 h of exposure to increasing concentrations of mIBG (1 μM to 1 mM). After 20 h of exposure to bleomycin, %UTHY and %UFDG were significantly reduced as a function of concentration. After 20 h of exposure to mIBG, a transient increase in %UFDG up to 149.3% ± 11.2% with 50 μM mIBG was further followed by a reduction to 20.1% ± 6.7% with 0.5 mM (P 〈 0.001). The clonogenic efficiency was reduced as a function of bleomycin (ANOVA, n=255, P) or mIBG concentration (n=80, P) and nearly abolished with 0.1 μM bleomycin or 0.1 mM mIBG. In conclusion, %UTHY appears to be a more sensitive index of cytotoxicity in vitro and more accurately relates to cell proliferation than %UFDG.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1619-7089Keywords: Positron tomography ; thyroid-124ISource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract A high-density avalanche chamber (HIDAC) positron camera was used for tomographic imaging of the human thyroid in vivo. Images were made 7 and 24 h after the oral administration of the positron-emitting radionuclide, sodium iodide 124I (with activites varying between 0.3 and 1 mCi), to patients scheduled for either partial thyroidectomy or radioiodine treatment. The results of thyroid imaging performed on 38 patients and their clinical relevance are discussed; as an illustration, three typical cases are presented. In Graves' disease, it was found that, whereas standard 131I and 124I scintigrams showed a diffuse goitre, positron images indicated a marked heterogeneity of the activity distribution, with “cold” areas in 8 out of the 11 cases studied. In conventional scintigrams, multinodular goitre showed a non-uniform radioiodine distribution, while positron images revealed considerable regional differences of activity uptake, with hot and cold areas in all of the 13 cases studied. As a consequence of the high spatial resolution of the camera [2.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM)], the functional volume of the thyroid may be estimated from 2 mm-thick transverse tomographic sections to within about 13%. This estimate may be compared with the measured volume after partial thyroidectomy, and in a follow-up scan, a further estimate can be made of the residual thyroid tissue remaining within the patient's body. In the case of radioiodine treatment in Graves' disease and multinodular goitre, the appropriate therapeutic dose of 131I can be calculated according to the functional volume of the thyroid estimated from 124I tomographic images.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: