Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Dixon)

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  1. 1
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-05-30
    Publisher:
    National Academy of Sciences
    Print ISSN:
    0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN:
    1091-6490
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Published by:
    http://www.nasonline.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    A. D. Sutton ; A. K. Burrell ; D. A. Dixon ; E. B. Garner, 3rd ; J. C. Gordon ; T. Nakagawa ; K. C. Ott ; J. P. Robinson ; M. Vasiliu
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2011
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-03-19
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    Joel M. Smith, Janice A. Dixon, Justine N. de; Gruyter, Phil S. Baran
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-10-17
    Publisher:
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by:
    http://www.acs.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    R. A. Dixon
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2013
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2013-01-04
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Bacteria/*enzymology ; Biofuels/microbiology ; Biomass ; Cell Wall/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungi/*enzymology ; Plant Cells/chemistry/*metabolism
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  5. 5
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-05-17
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Bioengineering/*methods ; Biofuels ; Carbon ; Cellulose/*chemistry ; Crops, Agricultural/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Elastomers ; Lignin/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  6. 6
    G. Zhang ; C. Li ; Q. Li ; B. Li ; D. M. Larkin ; C. Lee ; J. F. Storz ; A. Antunes ; M. J. Greenwold ; R. W. Meredith ; A. Odeen ; J. Cui ; Q. Zhou ; L. Xu ; H. Pan ; Z. Wang ; L. Jin ; P. Zhang ; H. Hu ; W. Yang ; J. Hu ; J. Xiao ; Z. Yang ; Y. Liu ; Q. Xie ; H. Yu ; J. Lian ; P. Wen ; F. Zhang ; H. Li ; Y. Zeng ; Z. Xiong ; S. Liu ; L. Zhou ; Z. Huang ; N. An ; J. Wang ; Q. Zheng ; Y. Xiong ; G. Wang ; B. Wang ; Y. Fan ; R. R. da Fonseca ; A. Alfaro-Nunez ; M. Schubert ; L. Orlando ; T. Mourier ; J. T. Howard ; G. Ganapathy ; A. Pfenning ; O. Whitney ; M. V. Rivas ; E. Hara ; J. Smith ; M. Farre ; J. Narayan ; G. Slavov ; M. N. Romanov ; R. Borges ; J. P. Machado ; I. Khan ; M. S. Springer ; J. Gatesy ; F. G. Hoffmann ; J. C. Opazo ; O. Hastad ; R. H. Sawyer ; H. Kim ; K. W. Kim ; H. J. Kim ; S. Cho ; N. Li ; Y. Huang ; M. W. Bruford ; X. Zhan ; A. Dixon ; M. F. Bertelsen ; E. Derryberry ; W. Warren ; R. K. Wilson ; S. Li ; D. A. Ray ; R. E. Green ; S. J. O'Brien ; D. Griffin ; W. E. Johnson ; D. Haussler ; O. A. Ryder ; E. Willerslev ; G. R. Graves ; P. Alstrom ; J. Fjeldsa ; D. P. Mindell ; S. V. Edwards ; E. L. Braun ; C. Rahbek ; D. W. Burt ; P. Houde ; Y. Zhang ; H. Yang ; E. D. Jarvis ; M. T. Gilbert
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2014
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-12-17
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  7. 7
    E. D. Jarvis ; S. Mirarab ; A. J. Aberer ; B. Li ; P. Houde ; C. Li ; S. Y. Ho ; B. C. Faircloth ; B. Nabholz ; J. T. Howard ; A. Suh ; C. C. Weber ; R. R. da Fonseca ; J. Li ; F. Zhang ; H. Li ; L. Zhou ; N. Narula ; L. Liu ; G. Ganapathy ; B. Boussau ; M. S. Bayzid ; V. Zavidovych ; S. Subramanian ; T. Gabaldon ; S. Capella-Gutierrez ; J. Huerta-Cepas ; B. Rekepalli ; K. Munch ; M. Schierup ; B. Lindow ; W. C. Warren ; D. Ray ; R. E. Green ; M. W. Bruford ; X. Zhan ; A. Dixon ; S. Li ; N. Li ; Y. Huang ; E. P. Derryberry ; M. F. Bertelsen ; F. H. Sheldon ; R. T. Brumfield ; C. V. Mello ; P. V. Lovell ; M. Wirthlin ; M. P. Schneider ; F. Prosdocimi ; J. A. Samaniego ; A. M. Vargas Velazquez ; A. Alfaro-Nunez ; P. F. Campos ; B. Petersen ; T. Sicheritz-Ponten ; A. Pas ; T. Bailey ; P. Scofield ; M. Bunce ; D. M. Lambert ; Q. Zhou ; P. Perelman ; A. C. Driskell ; B. Shapiro ; Z. Xiong ; Y. Zeng ; S. Liu ; Z. Li ; B. Liu ; K. Wu ; J. Xiao ; X. Yinqi ; Q. Zheng ; Y. Zhang ; H. Yang ; J. Wang ; L. Smeds ; F. E. Rheindt ; M. Braun ; J. Fjeldsa ; L. Orlando ; F. K. Barker ; K. A. Jonsson ; W. Johnson ; K. P. Koepfli ; S. O'Brien ; D. Haussler ; O. A. Ryder ; C. Rahbek ; E. Willerslev ; G. R. Graves ; T. C. Glenn ; J. McCormack ; D. Burt ; H. Ellegren ; P. Alstrom ; S. V. Edwards ; A. Stamatakis ; D. P. Mindell ; J. Cracraft ; E. L. Braun ; T. Warnow ; W. Jun ; M. T. Gilbert ; G. Zhang
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2014
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-12-17
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Genes ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genome ; INDEL Mutation ; Introns ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  8. 8
    N. D. Young ; F. Debelle ; G. E. Oldroyd ; R. Geurts ; S. B. Cannon ; M. K. Udvardi ; V. A. Benedito ; K. F. Mayer ; J. Gouzy ; H. Schoof ; Y. Van de Peer ; S. Proost ; D. R. Cook ; B. C. Meyers ; M. Spannagl ; F. Cheung ; S. De Mita ; V. Krishnakumar ; H. Gundlach ; S. Zhou ; J. Mudge ; A. K. Bharti ; J. D. Murray ; M. A. Naoumkina ; B. Rosen ; K. A. Silverstein ; H. Tang ; S. Rombauts ; P. X. Zhao ; P. Zhou ; V. Barbe ; P. Bardou ; M. Bechner ; A. Bellec ; A. Berger ; H. Berges ; S. Bidwell ; T. Bisseling ; N. Choisne ; A. Couloux ; R. Denny ; S. Deshpande ; X. Dai ; J. J. Doyle ; A. M. Dudez ; A. D. Farmer ; S. Fouteau ; C. Franken ; C. Gibelin ; J. Gish ; S. Goldstein ; A. J. Gonzalez ; P. J. Green ; A. Hallab ; M. Hartog ; A. Hua ; S. J. Humphray ; D. H. Jeong ; Y. Jing ; A. Jocker ; S. M. Kenton ; D. J. Kim ; K. Klee ; H. Lai ; C. Lang ; S. Lin ; S. L. Macmil ; G. Magdelenat ; L. Matthews ; J. McCorrison ; E. L. Monaghan ; J. H. Mun ; F. Z. Najar ; C. Nicholson ; C. Noirot ; M. O'Bleness ; C. R. Paule ; J. Poulain ; F. Prion ; B. Qin ; C. Qu ; E. F. Retzel ; C. Riddle ; E. Sallet ; S. Samain ; N. Samson ; I. Sanders ; O. Saurat ; C. Scarpelli ; T. Schiex ; B. Segurens ; A. J. Severin ; D. J. Sherrier ; R. Shi ; S. Sims ; S. R. Singer ; S. Sinharoy ; L. Sterck ; A. Viollet ; B. B. Wang ; K. Wang ; M. Wang ; X. Wang ; J. Warfsmann ; J. Weissenbach ; D. D. White ; J. D. White ; G. B. Wiley ; P. Wincker ; Y. Xing ; L. Yang ; Z. Yao ; F. Ying ; J. Zhai ; L. Zhou ; A. Zuber ; J. Denarie ; R. A. Dixon ; G. D. May ; D. C. Schwartz ; J. Rogers ; F. Quetier ; C. D. Town ; B. A. Roe
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2011
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-11-18
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    *Biological Evolution ; *Genome, Plant ; Medicago truncatula/*genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; Rhizobium/*physiology ; Soybeans/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Synteny ; Vitis/genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  9. 9
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2012-12-04
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Air ; Alkylation ; Biological Products/chemistry ; Carbon/*chemistry ; Drug Design ; Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Indicators and Reagents/chemistry ; Methylation ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry ; Sulfinic Acids/chemistry ; Water ; Zinc/chemistry
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  10. 10
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0031-9422
    Keywords:
    Petunia hybrida ; Solanaceae ; chalcone isomerase ; chalcone synthase. ; flavonoid pathway ; flower petals
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)83023-X

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-2800
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Psychology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542046

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Damaskinos, S. ; Dixon, A. E. ; Roberts, G. D. ; Dagg, I. R.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1986
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Spatially resolved carrier lifetimes have been measured at the same grain boundary using a series of adjacent samples doped to different levels by neutron transmutation. The samples had dopant concentration levels between 1013 and 1017 atoms/cm3. The carrier lifetime was measured using a contactless microwave absorption technique to monitor the decay of photoconductivity which allowed us to perform either isothermal or isochronal annealing to remove the damage caused by irradiation. An optimum anneal of 30 min at 700 °C resulted in almost full recovery to the lifetime before irradiation. A short laser pulse of wavelength 900 nm was focused to a 0.3-mm-diam spot on the samples. Lifetimes of two different sets of carriers were measured, the bulk carrier lifetime at the center of a grain and the carrier lifetime at a grain boundary. This latter carrier lifetime involves both fast and slow recombination mechanisms. The slow decay mechanism is due to interface states at the grain boundary. The fast recombination lifetime was found to be of the same order as the bulk recombination lifetime (of the order of 1 μs) and the slow one was of the order of 1 ms. Doping levels up to 1016 atoms/cm3 show no significant effect on the measured bulk carrier lifetime.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337258

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Ribes, A. C. ; Damaskinos, S. ; Dixon, A. E. ; Carver, G. E. ; Peng, C. ; Fauchet, P. M. ; Sham, T. K. ; Coulthard, I.

    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1077-3118
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    This letter describes a confocal scanning beam macroscope/microscope that can image specimens up to 7 cm in diameter using both photoluminescence and reflected light. The macroscope generates digital images (512×512 pixels) with a maximum 5 μm lateral resolution and 200 μm axial resolution in under 5 s, and in combination with a conventional confocal scanning laser microscope can provide quality control at a macroscopic/microscopic level for porous silicon specimens, wafers, detectors, and similar devices. This combination of instruments can also be used as a method for evaluating preparation parameters involved in the manufacture of porous silicon. Various confocal and nonconfocal photoluminescence and reflected-light images of porous silicon are shown using both a macroscope and a conventional confocal scanning laser microscope. A 3D profile of a porous silicon structure reconstructed from confocal slices is also shown. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113969

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    Dixon, A. M. ; Butler, D. ; Fewkes, A.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1999
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1747-6593
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes:
    This paper discusses the potential threat to health associated with the microbial contamination of grey-water. Although it has been shown that greywater may contain large numbers of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the incidence of disease is dependent upon more than just the concentration of organisms. Other factors include the degree of exposure and the health and age of affected individuals. Proposed guidelines for the re-use of greywater focus upon faecal coliform contamination and suggest limits based upon the end use of recycled water.The paper (a) proposes modifications to the guidelines to better represent the delicate balance between protection of public health and the levels of risk posed by greywater re-use within the context of everyday human activity, and (b) attempts to identify areas where there is either an expectation for responsibility or a personal acceptance of responsibility with regard to public or personal health.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01056.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Dixon, A. M. ; Leggett, D. J. ; Weight, R. C.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1998
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1747-6593
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes:
    Relative sea-level fluctuations during the Holocene period have combined with medieval to present saline floodplain embanking to reduce the inter-tidal saltmarsh area in Essex from 40 000 ha to 4400 ha. The present loss by erosion is estimated at 2%/annum for the country, and the reduction in these areas is not only detrimental to related habitats but has caused an increasing requirement for flood-defence financial investment.Recent initiatives by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Environment Agency and English Nature have created mechanisms and opportunities to develop sustainable flood-control structures where coastal re-alignment has been the preferred option.The Orplands frontage covers 2 km of sea wall which have been deliberately breached to allow 40 ha of rare saltmarsh to re-establish. At Abbotts Hall, an arable field of 20 ha has been converted to its former saltmarsh by creek re-establishment and tidal inundation by reversal of existing sluices. These two schemes have (a) regenerated habitats for halophytic and semi-halophytic plants, marine and brackish invertebrates, and (b) provided roost, feed and breeding areas for birds and nursery areas for marine fish fry. Apart from flood control and habitat creation, particular features were incorporated to provide niche locations for targeted types of wildlife.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00158.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Castro, A. M. ; Vasicek, A. ; Ramos, S. ; Martin, A. ; Martin, L. M. ; Dixon, A. F. G.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1998
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1439-0523
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes:
    A collection of tritordeum amphiploids (Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgadum) and their wheat parents were screened for resistance against the two main aphid pesis of cereals, the greenhug. Schizaphis graminum Rond. and ihe Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis naxia Mord-vilko. Antixenosis. antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated in controlled environmental conditions using a. clone of greenbug biotypc C and a clone of RWA collected on pasta wheat. Tritordeum amphiploids pos-sess genetic resistance against greenbug and RWA; some of the lines tested were more resistant than the parental wheat line. Four principal components explained the resistance against both aphid species. The antixenosis shown against both pests was mainly contributed by their wheat parents. The antibiosis againsl both aphid species was obviously dependent on diflerent plant traits. The highest levels of antibiosis against the two aphids occurred in different amphiploids. Different genes are involved in the antibiotic reaction against the two aphids. The Tritordeum resistance to RWA is based on anlixenosis and ant-biosis since the tolerance trails were not independent of the other types of resistance. The level of tolerance shown to the greenbug was variable and appears to be controlled by differeni mechanisms. The tolerance to aphids shown by H. chilense is expressed in the amphiploids. but with some genomic interaction. Genes conferring resistance to aphids in H. chilensee could be incorporated into new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against greenbug and RWA.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb02200.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Castro, A. M. ; Martían, L. M. ; Dixon, A. F. G.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1439-0523
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes:
    Hordeum chilense (Roem. et Schult), a native grass of South America, is a source of antixenotic and antibiotic resistance to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rondani. The genetic and environmental components of the variability in antibiotic resistance shown by H. chilense were determined by measuring the developmental time, the length of adult life, fecundity and intrinsic rate of population increase of green-bugs reared on this host. The aphids belonged to a clone of biotype C. Plants were cloned to reduce the incidence of environmental variability.Different plant characters appeared to prolong aphid developmental time and reduce the length of adult life and total fecundity. The broad sense heritability and the genetic variability of these plant characters were different. The plant character that affected aphid development appears to differ from that affecting fecundity.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00846.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Kumta, N. D. ; Park, G. ; Toms, A. ; Housden, B. ; Dixon, A. K.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 2002
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2044
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of computed tomography in the management of critically ill patients. We performed a prospective study over a 4-month period. The requesting clinician was asked to document their clinical diagnosis and confidence thereof on a visual analogue scale. They were also asked about their management plan if computed tomography had not been available. After imaging, any change in the management plan was assessed. During the study period, 16 computed tomograms were performed on 14 patients. There were 21 possible clinical diagnoses: of these eight were confirmed, and 13 were refuted. Seven new diagnoses were established. Computed tomography did not help in the management of two patients and it led to more confusion in the management of one patient. The management of seven patients was altered after computed tomography and in six the management depended solely on computed tomography findings.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02566.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Dixon, A. E. ; Williams, D. F. ; Das, S. R. ; Webb, J. B.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1985
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Minority-carrier diffusion lengths have been measured in electron-beam-induced current experiments with the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope both parallel and perpendicular to a Schottky barrier on single-crystal silicon. Results from the two geometries are compared. The usefulness of the top surface geometry (beam perpendicular to the barrier) has been extended by measuring both the short-circuit current and its derivative as a function of position, allowing the diffusion length to be calculated without knowing the exact position of the Schottky-barrier edge. This is particularly useful when the barrier edge is indistinct, as often occurs for evaporated or sputtered barrier layers. Measurement of the derivative signal has been accomplished by position modulation of the scanning electron beam combined with a lock-in amplifier for signal detection.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335240

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Shah, B. S. ; Stevens, E. B. ; Gonzalez, M. I. ; Bramwell, S. ; Pinnock, R. D. ; Lee, K. ; Dixon, A. K.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 2000
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1460-9568
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have been shown to express a wide range of voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunits. However, of the auxiliary subunits, β1 is expressed preferentially in only large- and medium-diameter neurons of the DRG while β2 is absent in all DRG cells. In view of this, we have compared the distribution of β1 in rat DRG and spinal cord with a novel, recently cloned β1-like subunit, β3. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated high levels of β3 mRNA in small-diameter c-fibres, while β1 mRNA was virtually absent in these cell types but was expressed in 100% of large-diameter neurons. In the spinal cord, β3 transcript was present specifically in layers I/II (substantia gelatinosa) and layer X, while β1 mRNA was expressed in all laminae throughout the grey matter. Since the pattern of β3 expression in DRG appears to correlate with the TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit PN3, we co-expressed the two subunits in Xenopus oocytes. In this system, β3 caused a 5-mV hyperpolarizing shift in the threshold of activation of PN3, and a threefold increase in the peak current amplitude when compared with PN3 expressed alone. On the basis of these results, we examined the expression of β-subunits in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Results revealed a significant increase in β3 mRNA expression in small-diameter sensory neurons of the ipsilateral DRG. These results show that β3 is the dominant auxiliary sodium channel subunit in small-diameter neurons of the rat DRG and that it is significantly upregulated in a model of neuropathic pain.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00294.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses