Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:A. Daly)

2018-07-11

National Academy of Sciences

0027-8424

1091-6490

Biology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

2011-10-08

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Substitution ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Growth ; HeLa Cells ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/*genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Male ; Mosaicism ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction

2018-09-15

American Chemical Society (ACS)

1520-5207

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background:  Desloratadine is a selective H1-antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Desloratadine inhibits the release of allergic inflammatory mediators in vitro. We studied the impact of desloratadine on mast cell degranulation due to activation and re-activation by the secretagogue, compound 48/80.Methods:  Rat peritoneal eluate containing 5–6% mast cells were activated by a low concentration of compound 48/80 in a medium containing the vital fluorescent dye, Sulforhodamine-B (SFRM-B, 200 μg/ml), which is engulfed by activated mast cells. The fluorescent image of activated mast cells was captured digitally and the total fluorescent area was analyzed when desloratadine was applied before or after compound 48/80.Results:  Mast cells were not activated by desloratadine (10−4 M), SFRM-B (200 μg/ml), or diluent alone. A low concentration of compound 48/80 (0.125 μg/ml) induced fluorescence, while mast cells lost fluorescent images due to further degranulation on re-exposure to compound 48/80. Desloratadine (10−8–10−4 M), inhibited compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Desloratadine also reduced the loss of fluorescent images due to re-exposure to compound 48/80.Conclusions:  Desloratadine may have a mast cell stabilizing effect at low concentrations in response to repeated mast cell activation in vitro.

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Polymorphism ; Cytochrome P450 ; Transferase ; Drug metabolism

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms with functional effects occur in many of the genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes and are an important cause of adverse drug reations. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular genetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly the cytochromes P450, has enabled the molecular basis of several polymorphisms to be elucidated and genotyping assays using the polymerase chain reaction to be developed. Polymorphisms in this category include those in the cytochrome P450 genes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2A6, CYP2C9 and CYP2E1, the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the N-acetyltransferase gene NAT2. The molecular basis and impotance to drug metabolism of the various polymorphisms as well as evidence for the existence of polymorphisms in other genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes such as the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, the sulphotransferases and the methyltransferases are discussed.

Electronic Resource

0191-2607

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Electronic Resource

0191-2615

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Economics

Electronic Resource

0191-2615

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Economics

Electronic Resource

1572-9486

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The change in the transient and steady state creep deformation of zinc-1.0 wt.% Cu alloy was studied under various constant stresses ranging from 45.80 MPa to 56.02 MPa in the temperature range from 473 K to 573 K. From the transient creep results, the peak values of transient creep parametersB andn found in this temperature zone can be ascribed to dissolution ofε-phase (Cu-rich phase). The transient creep parameterB is related to the steady state creep rate $$\dot \varepsilon _{st} $$ through the exponentγ. This exponent has been found to range from 0.8 to 0.3. At the dissolution temperature (513 K) ofε-phase, the steady state strain sensitivity parameter has been 0.30±0.01 at the steady state strain peaks which is characteristic of dislocation climb alongε-grain boundaries. The activation energies of the transient and steady state creep in the phase transformation region have been found to be 42 kJ/mole and 63 kJ/mole characterizing the cross slipping of dislocations and dislocation climb along grain boundaries, respectively.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Keywords Tumour necrosis factor-alpha ; insulin resistance ; polymorphism ; gene promoter ; relatives ; family.

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Insulin resistance is a feature of non-diabetic relatives of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) families. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) expression is linked with insulin resistance, and is under strong genetic control. We examined the relationship between insulin resistance and two polymorphisms of the TNFα promoter region (positions –238 and –-308). Non-diabetic relatives (n = 123) of NIDDM families and control subjects (n = 126) with no family history of diabetes were studied. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and short insulin tolerance test (ITT), and genotyping was by restriction digest. The –238 polymorphism (TNFA-A allele) was carried by 14 relatives and 11 control subjects, and all were heterozygotes. To examine the relationship between the –238 polymorphism and insulin resistance independent of potentially confounding factors, the relatives with the TNFA-A allele were individually pair-matched for age, sex, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, and glucose tolerance with relatives homozygous for the wild-type allele. Relatives with the TNFA-A allele had decreased insulin resistance (HOMA index: 2.0, 3.6 ± 2.1 [means ± SD of differences], p = 0.03), and this was true for comparable pair-matched control subjects (HOMA index: 1.1, 1.9 ± 0.8, p = 0.01). Combining relative (n = 7) and control (n = 4) pairs that had undergone an ITT, subjects with the TNFA-A allele had an increased KITT (3.8, 3.0 ± 1.0 %/min, p = 0.04) similarly indicating decreased insulin resistance. There was no significant relationship between the –308 polymorphism and insulin resistance. We conclude that the TNFA-A allele is associated with decreased insulin resistance as assessed by two independent methods, and may protect against the future development of NIDDM in susceptible individuals. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 430–434]

Electronic Resource

1572-9788

DNA markers ; RAPD ; AFLP ; SSR ; microsatellite ; network ; reproducibility

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract A number of PCR-based techniques can be used to detect polymorphisms in plants. For their wide-scale usage in germplasm characterisation and breeding it is important that these marker technologies can be exchanged between laboratories, which in turn requires that they can be standardised to yield reproducible results, so that direct collation and comparison of the data are possible. This article describes a network experiment involving several European laboratories, in which the reproducibility of three popular molecular marker techniques was examined: random-amplified fragment length polymorphism (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSR). For each technique, an optimal system was chosen, which had been standardised and routinely used by one laboratory. This system (genetic screening package) was distributed to different participating laboratories in the network and the results obtained compared with those of the original sender. Different experiences were gained in this exchange experiment with the different techniques. RAPDs proved difficult to reproduce. For AFLPs, a single-band difference was observed in one track, whilst SSR alleles were amplified by all laboratories, but small differences in their sizing were obtained.

Electronic Resource

1573-4803

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract The electrical resistivity of Pb-Cd alloys has been studied at various ageing temperatures, for various ageing times. The variations of microstructure with ageing temperature were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the process of coarsening of Pb and Cd (α and β phases) at different ageing temperatures was studied by the microanalysis technique. Received 19 October 1990 and accepted 25 March 1991

Electronic Resource