Formation of complex carbon films on implanted carbon layers by pulsed V+C and Ti+C dual implantation into steel - Zhang, T.; Huang, H.; Ji, C.; Chen, J.; Sun, G.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X. (Elsevier)
Thin carbon films and implanted C complex layers are formed using pulsed V + C and Ti + C dual implantation into H13 steel. The thickness of the C films on the implanted layers were observed by Auger analysis to be 20-50 nm. The C film can reduce the surface friction factor and induce surface lubrication. The surface hardening properties of pulsed Ti + C and V + C were studied. Solid solution hardening was obtained for implanted atom concentrations of 20-45 at.%. Fine grains and dense dislocations were observed by transmission electron microscopy, so fine grain hardening and dislocation hardening are expected. The dispersion hardening phases were distinguished by X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy to be Fe"2Ti, FeV, TiC and VC.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(94)80022-7
Keywords: ZL; U