Search Results - Chiang Mai Journal of Science Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Astringency removal is considered as a key process before commercialize persimmon cv. ‘Xichu’, due to its high content of soluble tannins. Application of carbon dioxide treatment effective in removing astringency and widely used as a commercial postharvest practice for astringent persimmon fruit. The aim of this research is study to the application of visible and shortwave near infrared (VIS/SWNIR) spectroscopy in the spectral data of 400-1100 nm to discriminate astringent (A) and de-astringed (DA) fruit non-destructively based on the sensorial perception as 0.10% soluble tannin of fresh weight. The highest classifi cation accuracy score was obtained from QDA model combined with 2D preprocessing technique as 98.99% in the external validation set. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be considered as a non-destructive analytical method to monitoring the effectiveness of the astringency removal treatment in ‘Xichu’ persimmon fruit.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

The research aims to design and produced a new vacuum chamber set of the angular multi-target magnetron sputtering system was supplied by three patterns of the process gas emissions in one system. One pattern supplies the gas directly in front of the target surface, while another pattern supplies the gas beside the chamber, and another pattern supplies the gas to the bottom of the lid. The vacuum chamber set was designed as a top-down sputtering process which has six major components is new designed and produced, consists of the base, the chamber with a window, the feedthrough for the anode pole, the lid, the magnetron target-holder gun, and the rotate substrate-holder set. When the system is completely assembled, then try to test the leakage and plasma ignition until both passes tested, and then a preliminary test of the sputtering process to provide a thin fi lm with sputtered one copper target which was mounted on one gun onto glass slide substrates for the gas emissions of three patterns. After that run sputtering process to provide the multilayers fi lms with three target materials include copper, aluminum, and brass, which was mounted on three guns onto the rotate glass slide substrates. The results of the thin fi lm thickness from the sputtering process was found this system can be used to build a thin fi lm for changing various sputtering voltages, including the system can be successfully used to provide multilayers fi lm and generate argon plasma which was supplied three patterns of the process gas emissions in one system.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

In this work, a low cost and portable optical sensor using a smartphone camera for antioxidant analysis was demonstrated. A platform was designed and installed on a smartphone as an attachment for the assay solution, a macro lens, and a white LED. The proposed confi guration allowed the illumination from the white LED to pass through the solution before entering the smartphone camera. After the color of the solution was captured by the camera, the image was sent to a laptop by Bluetooth and the Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensity values were determined using ImageJ software. The proposed platform was used to assess the antioxidant capacity of standard Trolox, gallic acid, and a range of herbal teas using 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) assay, and then calculated as an IC50 value. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) of these samples were also evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay, and presented as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The results of the three assays when using the smartphone were in good agreement with those from a commercial UV-Vis spectrophotometer. For the three assays, a good linearity and precision were obtained R2 〉 0.995, and % RSD was lower than 2% (n = 5), respectively. For FC assay, the linear range and the limit of detection were 0.0-7.0 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L, consequently.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of microwave and infrared heating on increasing the resistant starch content (RS) and reducing glycemic index (GI) of RD 43 rice (Oryza sativa L.). First, in the microwave heating process, the sample was heated by microwave power at 400–800 W for 15–45 s. It was found that rice heated at 600 W had the highest RS (0.41 ± 0.09%) and the lowest predicted glycemic index (pGI) (52.38 ± 0.26). In terms of time, heating for 30 s caused the highest RS (0.40 ± 0.14%) and heating for 30 and 45 s caused the lowest pGI (52.70 ± 0.39 and 52.82 ± 0.30, respectively). A higher RS was obtained under microwave heating at 600 W for 30 s (0.44 ± 0.01%) and 45 s (0.50 ± 0.05%) and a lower pGI was obtained under microwave heating at 600 W for 15 s (52.23 ± 0.11) and 30 s (52.31 ± 0.23). Second, in the infrared heating process, the sample was heated by infrared power at 400–800 W for 120–180 s. The result showed that the effect of power and time had signifi cant effects on digestible starch (DS), total starch (TS), RS and pGI. The infrared heating at 600 W for 150 s caused a higher RS (0.45 ± 0.16%) and lower pGI (50.4 ± 0.57) and that the TS, DS and RS were not signifi cantly different (p 〈 0.05). These fi nding might be a useful tool to produce the low GI rice, which provided a benefi cial nutrients and health

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Diaporthe species are known to be mostly saprobic and pathogenic to numerous hosts in plantations, forests, and urban areas worldwide. Their relationship with host plants and distribution is poorly discussed. Combined morpho-molecular data have resulted in ten Diaprothe strains from ten host species in genera Acer, Alianthus, Artemisia, Aster, Ballota, Dittrichia, Euonymus, Eupatorium, Laburnum and Scabiosa. The isolates were identifi ed as Diaporthe arctii, D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. novem and D. rudis which are new records of host associations from Italy. Detailed descriptions and phylogenetic placements for the above fi ve species are provided. This study provides an updated list of Diaporthe species related to their host associations in Italy.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Gansu zokor (Eospalax cansus) is a typical subterranean rodent species, and the balance between energy production and consumption has critical function for this creature to adapt to its hypoxia environment. However, little is known about the energy metabolism of gastrocnemius in Gansu zokor. Thus, we exposed Gansu zokors and similar-sized Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats) to normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia I (6h at 6.5% O2), hypoxia II (44h at 10.5% O2) or hypoxia III ( 10d at 10.5% O2). We fi rst compared the plasma glucose and plasma lipid levels in Gansu zokor with those in SD rats; and we found that Gansu zokor had a higher overall plasma lipid levels than those in SD rats, interestingly, compared with SD rats, the plasma glucose level in Gansu zokor was no higher in all groups and even signifi cantly lower in the normoxia and hypoxia III. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of gastrocnemius in Gansu zokor (6.5% O2 VS 21% O2) indicated its carbohydrate and lipid metabolic alterations after exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that the change in metabolism was linked to the hypoxia environment. Hence, we then measured the transcriptional and translational levels of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism-related genes, glucose and fructose levels in gastrocnemius. We found that unlike rat, Gansu zokor gastrocnemius enhanced fructose-driven metabolism through increased the fructose transporter (GLUT5) expression in all hypoxia groups, and Gansu zokor also could enhanced lipid metabolism by increasing the expression of acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) after exposure to long-term hypoxia condition (10d at 10.5% O2). Overall, these fi ndings indicate that Gansu zokor could increase energy supply by enhancing fructose-driven metabolism and lipid metabolism to cope with hypoxia environment, which playing an important role in hypoxia tolerance.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Drug discovery for different cancers is of great importance to deal with rising cases of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we have designed and synthesized novel 3-(2-fl uorophenyl)-N- (4-fl uorophenyl)-7H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-amine (BC) compound through multistep reaction pathway. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compound has been accomplished using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR methods. The structure obtained from these techniques was then converted into a 3D structure using OpenBabel to evaluate the biological and anticancer activity through in silico method. The in-silico analysis revealed that BC has a cautionary pharmacokinetic profi le with good druglikeness and gastrointes tinal absorption. Pass and gene expression studies show that they are more effective against cancer as they can inhibit important molecular targets implicated in cancer proliferation and induce autophagy and ferroptosis and also, they play a role in treating diabetes type II. It was observed that BC can inhibit ovarian adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and renal carcinoma cell line up to 70 %. Thus, it is concluded that, BC is a promising anti-cancer compound which should be employed for in-vitro anti-cancer studies.

Online Resource

0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

A dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) has been investigated for simple microextraction and preconcentration of fi ve neonicotinoid insecticides residues followed by highperformance liquid chromatography. The neonicotinoid insecticides including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, were separated on LiChroprep® 100 RP-8 endcapped column using 25% (v/v) acetonitrile with a fl ow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. LiChroprep® RP-18 (C-18) was chosen as an effi cient adsorbent in d-μ-SPE. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction performance of D-μ-SPE were investigated including salt addition, amount of sorbent, sample volume, and kind and volume of desorption solvent. Under the selected conditions, linearity was found in the range of 0.003-0.1 μg mL−1. Low limit of detection and high enrichment factor (11 – 81) were obtained. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in surface water and fruit juice samples with high obtained recoveries.

Online Resource

0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Aircrew members are occupationally exposed to higher levels of galactic cosmic radiation than the general population in most parts of the world. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is concerned by the exposure of aircrews to cosmic radiation. The cosmic radiation intensity in the Earth atmosphere depends on many factors, e.g., the solar activity, altitude, and geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity on Earth. This study aimed to calculate the occupational radiation dose for aircraft crews during the solar minimum and maximum on fl ights from Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK), Thailand, to 11 destinations worldwide. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation code of CARI-7 and JISCARD GUI, the cosmic radiation doses on fl ights was calculated. The maximum dose of a roundtrip fl ight (Bangkok–Helsinki) during the solar minimum condition was approximately 97.4 μSv (CARI-7) and 84.7 μSv (JISCARD GUI). The maximum radiation dose corresponded to 110 and 20 roundtrips for general aircraft crew and pregnant crew, respectively. This fi nding indicates that the polar-latitude region of Helsinki fl ights at low vertical cutoff rigidity ranges is of concern in terms of high-exposure cosmic radiation. The uncertainty associated with the result of the two codes was less than 30%. Therefore, the results were in reasonable agreement, and the codes could be used to calculate the exposure of aircraft crew to cosmic radiation.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Air pollution in developed countries has a significant impact on people’s lives. It has arisen and manifested itself by the high levels of smoke produced by industries or traffic, forcing authorities to search mechanisms to better control air quality in real-time. Notably, the air pollution levels in London exceed legal and World Health Organisation limits. For example, in 2010, air pollution caused a range of health problems in the capital and representing an economic cost of up to £3.7 billion. In this paper, we consider the daily curve of the concentration of the previous gases collected by the Marylebone road monitoring site in London (contains the hourly measurements taken during the two years 2017 and 2018 for the following four variables: Ozone (O3), Nitric Oxides (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)). Our main objective is to look for the best forecast models for air pollutant concentration. For this purpose, we develop a new procedure to analyze palling gas data in real-time. More precisely, we use the recent mathematical statistics tools to investigate the relationship between the palling gases such as ozone, nitric oxides, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Specifically, we use functional models like classical functional regression, robust functional regression, and functional relative error regression with kernel and local linear approaches to predict the maximum concentration of air pollutant gases quantities. We show that our prediction approaches’ accuracy is closely linked to the choice of the regression model and the input variables (or the covariates). In particular, the data analysis shows the efficiency and superiority of the nonparametric regression model compared to the other models when the regressors are NO2 and SO2.

Online Resource

0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

The green marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is rich in biochemicals and well known as a suitable source for dietary supplements and biodiesel feedstock. This study investigated the effects of CO2 supplementation on N. oculata in terms of its biomass, biochemical composition, CO2 fi xation, and biodiesel qualities. Microalgae were cultivated in f/2 medium supplied with CO2 at 0.04-6%. The culture supplemented with 6% CO2 produced the highest biomass (1.64±0.04 g L−1) and contents of carotenoids (0.93±0.00 μg g−1), lipids (47.68± 2.80%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 28.45 mg g−1 biomass), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22.43 mg g−1 biomass); it also demonstrated the highest CO2 fi xation rate (74.62±2.55 kg m−3y−1) and provided an algal oil with desirable biodiesel qualities, specifi cally high cetane (52.27-53.50) and low iodine (75.91-82.15 g I2 100 g−1) values meeting the biodiesel specifi cations established by standards in the US (ASTM D6751) and Europe (EN 14214). In sum, CO2 supplementation during N. oculata cultivation enhanced its production of high-value biomolecules, making this algal species a good source for production of dietary supplements and biodiesel.

Online Resource

0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Members of the genus Bacillus were biocontrol agents against various phytopathogenic fungi. Several factors affected the regulation and production of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) in Bacillus species. The aim of this study was to examine how culture media infl uenced the antagonistic activities and gene expression of Bacillus siamensis 1021. The bacterial supernatant from potato dextrose broth (PDB) exhibited higher inhibitory effects against mycelia of Pyricularia oryzae and Colletotrichum fructicola, when compared with those from nutrient broth (NB) and minimal salt medium (MSM). However, the biocontrol activities of these supernatants were not signifi cantly different when they were tested against P. oryzae and C. fructicola conidia. Additionally, the bacterial supernatant from PDB signifi cantly reduced the disease severity caused by P. oryzae in rice seedlings when compared with the water-treated control group. The genome of strain 1021 was sequenced, and biosynthetic gene clusters of nonribosomal peptides surfactin, fengycin and bacillibactin were identifi ed. Effects of PDB, NB and MSM media on expression levels of core biosynthetic genes of surfactin (srfAA), fengycin (fenC) and bacillibactin (dhbE) gene clusters were determined by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. fenC expression was signifi cantly increased in PDB and corresponded with the antagonistic activities against fungal mycelia. Conversely, expression of the regulatory genes comA and codY in PDB were highly reduced in PDB, indicating their negative relation with fenC expression. This expression analysis indirectly suggested that fengycin was potentially the bioactive compound of B. siamensis 1021 against P. oryzae and C. fructicola

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

Proposed study described a new approach for the identifi cation of three isomers of benzyloxyphenol (BLP) i.e. 2-BLP, 3-BLP, and 4-BLP on their perturbation effects by using a novel Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating system. In such a system, typical oscillating profi le was achieved due to the oxidation of malic acid (substrate) by NaBrO3 in the presence of tetra-azamacrocyclic Cu-complex catalyst ([CuL](ClO4)2) in an acidic medium. Ligand “L” in the complex is 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraeazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. Perturbation experiments were carried out by adding identical amounts of analytes into the active BZ system. As a result, quite different responses were achieved which can be accredited to propose a new identifi cation technique based on the oscillation system. Concisely, 2-BLP produced a shorter inhibition time (tin) with a small regenerated oscillation amplitude (A) while 3-BLP almost suppressed oscillation (longer tin) with a small regeneration of A. As compared to 2-BLP and 3-BLP, the 4-BLP initiated higher regeneration of A but produce larger tin from 2-BLP and shorter than 3-BLP. Thus, these three isomers were distinguished. Through cyclic voltammetry, redox reactions were confi rmed between the additives and NaBrO3 while the oxidized products (quinones) from these isomers were identifi ed by Ultraviolet (UV) and InfraRed (IR) spectroscopies. The perturbation reaction mechanism is justifi ed on the outcomes of the above-mentioned techniques and the FKN mechanism.

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0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Chiang Mai University, Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2022-03)

In this work the joining AA1100 aluminium alloy using friction stir welding (FSW) is demonstrated. The process parameters used in this research work are welding speed, rotational speed and axial load. The responses considered in this work include tensile strength and hardness of the welded specimen. The microstructural analysis are investigated to identify the HAZ and TMAZ in the FSW of AA1100 Aluminium sheet metals. The thermal analysis is also carried out using ANSYS software and it is observed that the maximum temperature is maximum at the centre and the maximum deformations will take place at centre of the welded plate when subjected to the external loads.

Online Resource

0125-2526, 2465-3845

Undetermined

Chiang Mai University

2022

3105953-3

11

17,1