Search Results - *

2020-03-05

This paper compares two modes of administering an election survey: a traditional, door-to-door survey and an identical online version promoted via a Voting Advice Application. Whereas online political surveys are known to suffer from self-selection bias of politically interested respondents, traditional surveys are plagued with socially desirable responding and are susceptible to the effects of satisficing and other fatigue-related effects. Using a propensity score matching methodology, we examine the extent to which such differences exist between the two modes of administration. While we report mixed findings regarding the structure of respondents’ answer patterns, significant differences emerged in relation to social desirability bias with the offline group being more 'affected' than the online group.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; survey modes; propensity score matching; mode effects; satisficing; voting advice applications ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Umfrageforschung ; Wahlforschung ; Interview ; Online-Befragung ; Datengewinnung ; Datenqualität ; soziale Erwünschtheit ; Antwortverhalten ; survey research ; election research ; interview ; online survey ; data capture ; data quality ; social desirability ; response behavior

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-03-05

The increasing use of smartphones opens up opportunities for novel ways of survey data collection, but also poses new challenges. Collecting more and different types of data means that studies can become increasingly intrusive. We risk over-asking participants, leading to nonresponse. This study documents nonresponse and nonresponse bias in a smartphone-only version of the Dutch Time Use Survey (TUS). Respondents from the Dutch LISS panel were asked to perform five sets of tasks to complete the whole TUS: 1) accept an invitation to participate in the study and install an app, 2) fill out a questionnaire on the web, 3) participate in the smartphone time use diary on their smartphone, 4) answer pop-up questions and 5) give permission to record sensor data (GPS locations and call data). Results show that 42.9% of invited panel members responded positively to the invitation to participate in a smartphone survey. However, only 28.9% of these willing panel members completed all stages of the study. Predictors of nonresponse are somewhat different at every stage. In addition, respondents who complete all smartphone tasks are different from groups who do not participate at some or any stage of the study. By using data collected in previous waves we show that nonresponse leads to nonresponse bias in estimates of time use. We conclude by discussing implications for using smartphone apps in survey research.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Smartphone survey; nonresponse; sensor data; nonresponse bias; consent bias; time use research ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Umfrageforschung ; Mobiltelefon ; Antwortverhalten ; Datengewinnung ; Zeitbudget ; Messung ; Datenqualität ; Online-Befragung ; survey research ; cell phone ; response behavior ; data capture ; time budget ; measurement ; data quality ; online survey

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-04-28

Zu beraten ist eine bedeutsame Tätigkeit in der Sozialen Arbeit. In der Einzelfallhilfe, Gruppenarbeit und Gemeinwesenarbeit beraten Sozialarbeiter/innen nicht nur Klient/innen, sondern Menschen aus vielen Kreisen der Zivilgesellschaft. Ein Beratungsansatz, der sich großer Beliebtheit erfreut, da er anschlussfähig ist an das Menschenbild vieler Sozialarbeiter/innen, ist die personzentrierte Beratung nach Carl Rogers. Im vorliegenden Text wird diese näher beleuchtet. Es wird geschildert, was die Spezifika dieser Beratungsform sind, wann personzentrierte Beratung möglich ist und welche Kritik daran existiert. Eingegangen wird des Weiteren auf den Begründer des Ansatzes.

Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ; Social problems and services ; Carl Rogers; Personenorientierung; Gesprächstechniken; Systemische Beratung; Rapport ; Sozialwesen, Sozialplanung, Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik ; Social Work, Social Pedagogics, Social Planning ; Sozialarbeit ; Beratung ; Beratungsgespräch ; Menschenbild ; social work ; counseling ; counseling session ; image of man ; 10800

Monographie, monograph

2020-01-14

Die Bildungsforschung hat in den letzten Jahren - teilweise bedingt durch die öffentliche Diskussion der Ergebnisse der Schulleistungsstudien - einen regelrechten Boom erfahren. Auch die Migrationsforschung erhielt im Zuge des offiziellen Bekenntnisses Deutschlands zur Zuwanderung ("Deutschland ist ein Einwanderungsland") einen enormen Auftrieb. Die Forschung zu ethnischen Ungleichheiten im deutschen Bildungssystem verbindet diese beiden Themen und behandelt gleichzeitig einen gesellschaftlichen Bereich, der für die späteren Lebenschancen besonders folgenreich ist. Der vorliegende Band soll einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse der empirischen Forschung in Bezug auf ethnische Bildungsungleichheiten geben. Die Autorinnen und Autoren identifizieren die wichtigsten und stabilsten Ergebnisse zu den behandelten Fragen, vergleichen diese überblicksartig, weisen auf Forschungslücken hin und diskutieren offene bzw. strittige Fragen.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Primar- und Elementarbildung ; Sociology & anthropology ; Primary education (elementary education) ; Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie ; Bildungswesen Elementarbereich ; Sociology of Education ; Elementary Education Sector ; Bildungsungleichheit ; ethnische Herkunft ; frühkindliche Erziehung ; Frühförderung ; Vorschulalter ; Kindergarten ; Kindertagesstätte ; Bildungsbeteiligung ; Bildungschance ; Migrationshintergrund ; kognitive Fähigkeit ; Sprachkenntnisse ; soziale Herkunft ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; educational inequality ; ethnic origin ; early childhood education and care ; early remedial education ; preschool age ; kindergarten ; day nursery ; participation in education ; educational opportunity ; migration background ; cognitive ability ; knowledge of languages ; social background ; Federal Republic of Germany

Sammelwerksbeitrag, collection article

2020-03-05

The system of physical training of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) has a multi-level structure and covers all spheres of the military activity. At the same time, there are problems connected with the physical training of the AFU headquarters, objectively and subjectively arising from the specifics of the professional activities performed by this category of servicemen. The level of their physical fitness under conditions of an inactive mode of service largely depends on individual efforts and self-training. Therefore, on the way to improving the process of physical training of the staff, an important role is given to the formation and consolidation of a sustainable motivation to self-care for their own health. Despite its importance under modern conditions, the practical issues of physical improvement of staff officers of the corps, the organizational impact and stimulation of physical training are deprived of attention in the scientific literature. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study the dynamics of physical fitness of the military personnel of the AFU headquarters under the influence of organizational measures to streamline the accounting of its results. The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis and synthesis of literary sources); pedagogical (observation, testing, and experiment); mathematical - for statistical processing of experimental data and assessment of the reliability of the hypothesis. The study involved 50 participators representing military personnel serving in the headquarters of one of the AFU operational commands. It has been established that proper consideration of the results of the annual assessment of physical fitness contributes to the growth of all its indicators.

Wirtschaft ; Economics ; physical training; military personnel; military staff work; professional activity; independent training; individual training; organizational influence ; Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie ; Occupational Research, Occupational Sociology ; 10600

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-08-18

Geschichte ; History ; allgemeine Geschichte ; General History ; Publikation ; Buch ; Hitler, A. ; Nationalsozialismus ; historische Entwicklung ; Deutschland ; Biographie ; publication ; book ; Nazism ; historical development ; Germany ; biography

Rezension, review

2020-01-16

Wikipedia is a community-created encyclopedia that contains information about notable people from different countries, epochs and disciplines and aims to document the world's knowledge from a neutral point of view. However, the narrow diversity of the Wikipedia editor community has the potential to introduce systemic biases such as gender biases into the content of Wikipedia. In this paper we aim to tackle a sub problem of this larger challenge by presenting and applying a computational method for assessing gender bias on Wikipedia along multiple dimensions. We find that while women on Wikipedia are covered and featured well in many Wikipedia language editions, the way women are portrayed starkly differs from the way men are portrayed. We hope our work contributes to increasing awareness about gender biases online, and in particular to raising attention to the different levels in which gender biases can manifest themselves on the web.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; News media, journalism, publishing ; gender inequalities; text mining; network analysis; encyclopedia ; Interactive, electronic Media ; Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ; Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ; interaktive, elektronische Medien ; network ; Wikipedia ; structure ; content ; measurement ; language usage ; gender-specific factors ; network analysis ; inequality ; geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ; Inhalt ; Sprachgebrauch ; Netzwerk ; Messung ; Struktur ; Ungleichheit ; Netzwerkanalyse

Konferenzbeitrag, conference paper

2020-07-14

Online freelancing marketplaces have grown quickly in recent years. In theory, these sites offer workers the ability to earn money without the obligations and potential social biases associated with traditional employment frameworks. In this paper, we study whether two prominent online freelance marketplaces - TaskRabbit and Fiverr - are impacted by racial and gender bias. From these two platforms, we collect 13,500 worker profiles and gather information about workers' gender, race, customer reviews, ratings, and positions in search rankings. In both marketplaces, we find evidence of bias: we find that gender and race are significantly correlated with worker evaluations, which could harm the employment opportunities afforded to the workers. We hope that our study fuels more research on the presence and implications of discrimination in online environments.

Wirtschaft ; Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Economics ; News media, journalism, publishing ; Arbeitsmarktforschung ; interaktive, elektronische Medien ; Labor Market Research ; Interactive, electronic Media ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Dienstleistung ; Digitalisierung ; Arbeitsangebot ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; freier Beruf ; Internet ; Vorurteil ; geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ; Rassismus ; Diskriminierung ; employment service ; service ; digitalization ; labor supply ; job demand ; profession ; prejudice ; gender-specific factors ; racism ; discrimination

Konferenzbeitrag, conference paper

2020-08-10

Die Partei "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD) ist inzwischen wohl die erfolgreichste Partei auf der politisch weit rechten Seite in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik. Inzwischen ist sie in 13 Landtage eingezogen. Diese Studie geht anhand der Analyse von zehn Landtagen, in denen die AfD bereits vor der Saarlandwahl Ende März 2017 vertreten war, den Fragen nach, welches soziale und politische Profi l die AfD-Landtagsfraktionen aufweisen, was ihre Arbeits- und Wirkungsweisen sind und wie die Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der anderen Fraktionen auf die AfD-Präsenz reagieren. Auf der Basis amtlicher und anderweitig veröffentlichter Materialien, von Informationen über parlamentarische Aktivitäten und vor allem von Experteninterviews mit verantwortlichen Personen aus den AfD- und anderen Fraktionen wird versucht, diese Fragen zu beantworten. Es wird erkennbar, dass sich die AfD-Fraktionen der Landtage wie auch die Flügel der Partei und die Abgeordneten innerhalb der Fraktionen in eine polarisierte Struktur zwischen Parlaments- und "Bewegungs"-Orientierung einordnen lassen. Ob strategisch so angelegt oder nicht - derzeit sichert diese Bipolarität wohl den elektoralen Erfolg der AfD. Eine parlamentarische Professionalisierung steckt noch sehr in den Anfängen; das Parlamentsplenum ist im Gegensatz zur Arbeitsebene der Parlamente, also den Ausschüssen, das Spielbein der AfD und dient als Plattform für die stark über soziale Medien verlaufende Präsentation für die Öffentlichkeit.

The party "Alternative for Germany" (AfD) has probably become the most successful party on the politically far right side in the history of the Federal Republic. It is present in 13 state-level parliaments. This study is based on the analysis of ten state parliaments in which the AfD was already represented before the Saarland election at the end of March 2017. The study tries to answer a number of questions including which social and political profi le the AfD parliamentary groups are showing, how the AfD is working in the parliaments and with which impact, and how the representatives of the other factions in parliament are reacting to the presence of the AfD. These questions are investigated on the basis of offi cial and otherwise published materials, information on parliamentary activities, and, in particular, expert interviews with representatives of the AfD and other parties in parliament. It becomes clear that the AfD factions of the state parliaments, as well as the wings of the party and the deputies within the factions, can be classifi ed into a polarized structure between parliamentary and "movement" orientation. Whether strategically designed or not - currently this bipolarity ensures the electoral success of the AfD. Political professionalization is very much in the beginnings; in contrast to the workbenches of the parliaments, the committees, the parliamentary plenum fi gures as the free leg of the AfD providing a platform for public presentation highly concentrated on social media.

Politikwissenschaft ; Political science ; AfD ; politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ; Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Parlament ; Landtag ; Fraktion ; Parteipolitik ; politische Rechte ; Populismus ; Federal Republic of Germany ; parliament ; faction ; party politics ; political right ; populism

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

Sabbaticals stellen ein wichtiges Element der lebensverlaufsorientierten Arbeitsmarktund Sozialpolitik dar. Sie ermöglichen individuell gesteuerte Auszeiten für berufliche und außerberufliche Interessen der Beschäftigten, wie Weiterbildung, berufliche Umorientierung, Kinderbetreuung, Pflege, Erholung oder Freizeit. Derzeit können Sabbaticals in Deutschland nur im Rahmen individueller Anspar- und Finanzierungsmodelle realisiert werden, die mit dem Arbeitgeber zu vereinbaren und zu regeln sind. Die Verbreitung und Nutzung hängt damit vom betrieblichen Angebot und den verfügbaren Ressourcen der Beschäftigten ab und fällt insgesamt eher gering und selektiv aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie, in welchem Maße und unter welchen Bedingungen ein finanziell und sozial abgesicherter Rechtsanspruch hier zu Verbesserungen beitragen kann. Dazu werden auf der einen Seite Probleme und Handlungsfelder in der bestehenden Regelungspraxis in Deutschland identifiziert, auf der anderen Seite Erfahrungen anderer europäischer Länder skizziert, in denen Sabbaticals im Rahmen eines gesetzlichen Anspruchs geregelt wurden. Auf dieser Grundlage werden abschließend die Chancen und Risiken diskutiert, die mit der möglichen Einführung eines Rechtsanspruchs in Deutschland zu erwarten sind und Anforderungen an dessen institutionelle Ausgestaltung und Flankierung formuliert.

Sabbaticals constitute an important part of life-course-oriented labour market and social policies. They pave the way to individually managed career-breaks making space for the employees’ professional or extra-professional projects and interests such as further training, professional reorientation, childcare, care, recreation or leisure-time. In Germany sabbaticals are currently arranged directly between employee and employer and are financed via individual savings schemes. The dissemination and use of sabbaticals is dependent on the employees’ (financial) resources and the companies' offers and is therefore comparatively low and socially selective. This paper’s aim is to determine to what extent and under what conditions a legal claim to a socially and financially secured sabbatical would ameliorate its dissemination and use. For this purpose the paper examines, on the one hand, problems and areas of activity in the existing German regulations. On the other hand, experiences of European countries with legally binding sabbatical regulations will be outlined. On this basis the chances and risks of a potential implementation of a legal claim to a sabbatical in Germany will be discussed. Furthermore, requirements regarding its institutional organization and flanking will be formulated.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen ; Sociology of Work, Industrial Sociology, Industrial Relations ; Arbeitszeit ; Teilzeitarbeit ; Flexibilität ; Freistellung ; gesetzliche Regelung ; Rechtsanspruch ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Dänemark ; Schweden ; Belgien ; Personalpolitik ; working hours ; part-time work ; flexibility ; exemption ; statuary regulation ; legal claim ; Federal Republic of Germany ; Denmark ; Sweden ; Belgium ; personnel policy

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

Stimulated by the European Commission's White Paper on the Future of Europe, this article engages critically with the Commission's five scenarios. Driven by a normative ambition of equipping the EU with adequate constitutional, institutional and socio-political means for coping with its many crises, the article argues in favour of the reformist vision of the EU's future. It claims that a new constitutional process for European integration should be launched. On its basis the EU would be reconstituted as a union, a special federal constitutional form, embedded in the normative spirit of pluralism. The article presents the arguments in favour of such a scenario and flashes out the reasons for which the many constitutional actors in the EU, as well as the latter as a whole, could benefit from it. It concludes that in the following few months there might emerge a historical window of opportunity for a qualitative reformist leap in the process of European integration. While the way back to the glorious days of the nation state is effectively closed off and the present status quo in the EU is plainly unsustainable, the article sketches a theoretical framework for the reformed European Union of tomorrow.

Politikwissenschaft ; Political science ; Europapolitik ; European Politics ; EU ; Europäische Kommission ; EU-Politik ; Verfassungsgebung ; europäische Integration ; Pluralismus ; European Commission ; EU policy ; constitution-making ; European integration ; pluralism

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-10-17

Existing theoretical and experimental studies have established that unanimity is a poor decision rule for promoting information aggregation. Despite this, unanimity is frequently used in committees making decisions on behalf of society. This paper shows that when committee members are exposed to "idiosyncratic" payoffs that condition on their individual vote, unanimity can facilitate truthful communication and optimal information aggregation. Theoretically, we show that since agents" votes are not always pivotal, majority rule suffers from a free-rider problem. Unanimity mitigates free-riding since responsibility for the committee's decision is equally distributed across all agents. We test our predictions in a controlled laboratory experiment. As predicted, if unanimity is required, subjects are more truthful, respond more to others' messages, and are ultimately more likely to make the optimal decision. Idiosyncratic payoffs such as a moral bias thus present a rationale for the widespread use of unanimous voting.

Sociology & anthropology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; C90; D71; D72; committees; decision rules; incomplete information ; Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Sociology of Communication, Sociology of Language, Sociolinguistics ; Regelung ; Entscheidung ; Kommunikation ; Aggregation ; Information ; Laborexperiment ; Gespräch ; aggregation ; communication ; conversation ; decision ; regulation ; information ; laboratory experiment

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

The detrimental impact of poverty on child behavioral problems is well-established, but the mechanisms that explain this relationship are less well-known. Using data from the Families in Germany Study on parents and their children at ages 9-10 (middle childhood), this study extends previous research by examining whether or not and to what extent different parenting styles and parents' subjective well-being explain the relationship between poverty and child behavior problems. The results show that certain parenting styles, such as psychological control, as well as mothers' life satisfaction partially mediate the correlation between poverty and child behavioral problems.

Psychologie ; Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ; Psychology ; Social problems and services ; child behavior problems ; psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention ; soziale Probleme ; Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention ; Social Problems ; Armut ; Kind ; psychische Folgen ; Lebenszufriedenheit ; Eltern ; Erziehungsstil ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; poverty ; child ; psychological consequences ; satisfaction with life ; parents ; parenting style ; Federal Republic of Germany

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-08-10

Este trabajo examina el proceso de incorporación de las democracias latinoamericanas a la base de datos del Manifesto Project - desde 2009 llamado Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR). Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y conceptuales del estudio del funcionamiento de las cadenas de delegación en regímenes presidenciales empleando el enfoque de este proyecto. Particularmente, se analiza el significado de los programas electorales en sistemas parlamentarios y presidenciales. Asimismo, se explica la revisión del esquema de clasificación estándar y otros ajustes en la metodología de MARPOR introducidos con anterioridad a esta extensión. Finalmente, se comparte el protocolo seguido para recabar programas de partidos y candidatos en América Latina.

This piece of research examines the inclusion of Latin American democracies into the Manifesto Project's database - named Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) since 2009. It addresses some theoretical and conceptual implications related to the study of the functioning of delegation chains in presidential regimes from MARPOR's perspective. Particularly, it is here analyzed the meaning of electoral programs in parliamentary and presidential systems. Besides, it is explained the revision of the standard classification scheme and other adjustments introduced to the methodology prior to this extension. Lastly, the protocol applied for gathering Latin-American parties and candidates' manifestos is shared.

Politikwissenschaft ; Political science ; Latin America; MARPOR; Manifesto Project; presidential regimes ; Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ; politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2020-08-10

In the varieties of capitalism literature, Germany is understood as a monolithic model of a coordinated market economy. This analysis shows how institutions for configuring capital and labour at the national level are implemented at state and regional level. By focussing on the labour side this article gives a contribution to the investor dominated shareholder value discussion. It identifies a spatial distinction between capital and labour and concludes a variation of German Models instead of one German Model.

In der Varieties-of-Capitalism-Literatur ist Deutschland ein klassisches Beispiel für eine koordinierte Marktwirtschaft. Die vorliegende Analyse zeigt, wie die nationalen institutio-nellen Größen Kapital und Arbeit auf Ebene der Bundesländer variieren. Dazu wird einerseits die räumliche Verteilung der börsennotierten Unternehmen für vier deutsche Leitindizes illustriert. Korrespondierend wird andererseits die Repräsentation der Arbeitnehmer in diesen Unternehmen mittels eines Index' veranschaulicht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine Zwei-teilung: entweder gibt es besonders viele Firmen mit einer eher geringen durchschnittlichen Arbeitnehmerrepräsentation oder eher wenige Firmen und dafür eine vergleichsweise hohe Verankerung der Arbeitnehmervertretung. Auf subnationaler Ebene gibt es daher eine starke Variation innerhalb des idealisierten homogenen deutschen Modells.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Beziehungen; Labour-Management Relations; Räumliche Verteilung regionalökonomischer Aktivitäten; Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity ; Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen ; Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographie ; Sociology of Work, Industrial Sociology, Industrial Relations ; Economic and Social Geography ; industrielle Beziehungen ; Corporate Governance ; politische Ökonomie ; Unternehmensführung ; Arbeitnehmervertretung ; Aufsichtsrat ; Mitbestimmung ; Regionalwirtschaft ; regionaler Vergleich ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; industrial relations ; corporate governance ; political economy ; business management ; workers' representation ; supervisory board ; codetermination ; regional economy ; regional comparison ; Federal Republic of Germany

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

TrueTales View is an application to visualize life courses. The tool accomplishes this in two different ways: individual life courses are displayed as bar charts and aggregated life courses are plotted as state distribution charts. The article describes the functionality and the options of TrueTales View using the example of the life course data of NEPS starting cohort 6 (adults).

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; National Educational Panel Study NEPS ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Lebenslauf ; Bildungsverlauf ; Berufsverlauf ; Visualisierung ; Datengewinnung ; life career ; course of education ; job history ; visualization ; data capture

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-25

Under what conditions do young precarious workers join unions? Based on case studies from France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the authors identify targeted campaigns, coalition building, membership activism, and training activities as innovative organizing approaches. In addition to traditional issues such as wages and training quality, these approaches also featured issues specific to precarious workers, including skills training, demands for minimum working hours, and specific support in insecure employment situations. Organizing success is influenced by bargaining structures, occupational identity, labor market conditions, and support by union leaders and members. Innovative organizing tends to happen when unions combine new approaches with existing structures.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; organizing strategies; qualitative case studies; ISSP 2015 ; Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen ; Sociology of Work, Industrial Sociology, Industrial Relations ; prekäre Beschäftigung ; junger Erwachsener ; Gewerkschaft ; Mitgliedschaft ; Mobilisierung ; Interessenvertretung ; Jungarbeiter ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Frankreich ; Großbritannien ; USA ; internationaler Vergleich ; precarious employment ; young adult ; trade union ; membership ; mobilization ; representation of interests ; young worker ; Federal Republic of Germany ; France ; Great Britain ; United States of America ; international comparison

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-08-10

Das deutsche Modell der dualen Ausbildung gewährleistet nach wie vor für viele Absolvent*innen einen erfolgreichen Erwerbseinstieg. Der Erwerb von Qualifikationen bekommt mehr Bedeutung im Vergleich zur Bindung an den Ausbildungsbetrieb. Erwerbseinstiege sind heutzutage stärker durch Teilzeit und Diskontinuität gekennzeichnet.

Bildung und Erziehung ; Education ; Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung ; Vocational Training, Adult Education ; Berufsbildung ; duales System ; Qualifikationserwerb ; Berufseinmündung ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; vocational education ; dual system ; attainment of qualification ; career start ; Federal Republic of Germany

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

Politikwissenschaft ; Political science ; politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ; Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-07-15

Immigration has become a hot topic in West European politics. The factors responsible for the intensification of political conflict on this issue are a matter of considerable controversy. This holds in particular for the role of socio-economic factors and of radical right populist parties. This article explores the politicization of immigration issues and its driving forces in the electoral arena. It is based on a comparative study using both media and manifesto data covering six West European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and the UK) for a period from the early 1990s until 2017. We find no association between socio-economic factors and levels of politicization. Political conflict over immigration follows a political logic and must be attributed to parties and party competition rather than to ‘objective pressures.’ More specifically, we provide evidence that the issue entrepreneurship of radical right populist parties plays a crucial role in explaining variation in the politicization of immigration.

Politikwissenschaft ; Political science ; politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ; Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ; Westeuropa ; Einwanderung ; Politisierung ; politischer Konflikt ; Parteipolitik ; Populismus ; politische Rechte ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Frankreich ; Großbritannien ; Niederlande ; Österreich ; Schweiz ; Western Europe ; immigration ; politicization ; political conflict ; party politics ; populism ; political right ; Federal Republic of Germany ; France ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; Austria ; Switzerland

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article