Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:U. Andersson)

2011-09-17

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Acetylcholine/*biosynthesis ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Cholinergic Agents/metabolism ; Female ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Memory ; Inflammation ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; *Neuroimmunomodulation ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology/innervation/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

2012-07-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/pharmacology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Crystallins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/immunology/physiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; HMGB1 Protein/blood/*secretion ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/agonists/*metabolism ; Interleukin-18/blood ; Interleukin-1beta/blood ; Interleukin-6/analysis/blood ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Peritonitis/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology/pharmacology ; Rotenone/pharmacology ; Salmonella Infections/immunology/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/immunology/physiology ; Transfection ; Uric Acid/pharmacology ; eIF-2 Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

IFN-α production in Sendai virus-stimulated human buffy coat cultures could readily be demonstrated in individual cells at a protein level by the use of a novel immuno-enzymatic staining procedure. A distinctive rounded, juxtanuclear staining pattern was generated in producer cells by the accumulation of the intracellularly synthesized IFN-α in the Golgi stacks. The technology is based upon acquiring a video image of stained monolayers of cells, viewed in a microscope by a colour camera, which then transfers binary images directly into a computer-controlled operating system. The characteristic appearance of the immunocytochemical staining enabled a computerized image-analysis system to measure IFN-α producing cells based on defined criteria set for morphology, intensity, colour and size. The automated system could accurately and reproducibly register a range of 0.1–7.0% of the total cell population as IFN-α producing cells during the kinetic studies of the response. Congruent results were obtained with manual microscopy and image analysis concerning the assessment of the incidence of IFN-α producing cells in the total cell populations. All IFN-α producing cells expressed surface HLA-DR molecules and 95% of these cells belonged to the myelomonocytic lineage. The image analysis system provided, in contrast to conventional microscopy, an opportunity to assess and document differences of signal intensity and cell size of individual IFN-α producing as well as non-producing cells.

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

High-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) is a protein with both intranuclear functions and extracellular cytokine-like effects. In this report, we study possible candidate receptors for HMGB1 on macrophages (Mφ) and define pathways activated by HMGB1 binding. Bone marrow Mφ were prepared from Dark Agouti (DA) rats and stimulated in vitro with HMGB1. The kinetics of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production, NO production, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p44/42 MAPK- and SAPK/JNK-signalling pathways, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and HMGB1-induced upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 were analysed. Mφ from interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type I–/–, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2–/–) and RAGE–/– mice were used to investigate the role of these receptors in HMGB1 signalling. HMGB1 induced TNF and NO production by Mφ, phosphorylation of all investigated MAP kinase pathways and NF-κB translocation, and expression of MHC class II was increased. Mφ from RAGE–/– mice produced significantly lower amounts of TNF, IL-1β and IL-6, while IL-1RI–/– and TLR2–/– Mφ produced cytokine levels comparable with wildtype controls in response to HMGB1 stimulation. We conclude that HMGB1 has the potential to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in Mφ, with RAGE as the major activation-inducing receptor.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a severe allergy where wheat ingestion together with physical exercise induces anaphylaxis. We have previously shown that patients with WDEIA have IgE antibodies against gliadin proteins and identified ω-5 gliadin (Tri a 19) as a major allergen.Objective The aim of this study was to examine gliadin-specific IgG subclass, IgA and IgE antibodies, basophil histamine release and cell-mediated responses in WDEIA.Methods Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from patients with WDEIA and from controls without wheat allergy. Serum antibodies to crude gliadin extract (CGE) and purified ω-5 gliadin were measured by ELISA and basophil reactivity by histamine-release test. Gliadin-induced cell-mediated responses were assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay, and cytokine mRNA expression with real-time quantitative PCR.Results All patients with WDEIA, but none of the controls, had IgE antibodies to CGE and ω-5 gliadin. Both allergens released high levels of histamine from the basophils of patients with WDEIA. Levels of IgA antibodies to CGE and ω-5 gliadin were significantly elevated in the patients, but the distribution of IgG subclass antibodies showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Proliferative responses of PBMC to CGE were increased in patients with WDEIA, and stimulation of PBMC with CGE caused, both in patients and in controls, a clear induction of IL-10 mRNA. Compared with the controls, induction of IL-10 mRNA expression in patients with WDEIA was significantly (P 〈 0.01) suppressed.Conclusion These results suggest that, in addition to IgE antibodies against ω-5 gliadin, specific IgA antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of WDEIA. Decreased expression of IL-10 mRNA in PBMC during gliadin stimulation may facilitate the development of gliadin-specific T cell responses.

Electronic Resource

1600-065X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Purified lymphocytes from the umbilical cord of healthy donors (CBL) displayed lower natural cytotoxicity (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) than peripheral blood (PBL) from adult donors. In contrast, CBL treated with small amounts of UV-inactivated or live mumps virions expressed the same level of enhanced cytotoxicity (virus-dependent cytotoxicity (VDCC)) against non-infected target cells as PBL. For individual CBL donors there was no correlation between the level of NK and VDCC, indicating involvement of partly distinct effector cell populations. The heterogeneity of the effector cells active in VDCC was confirmed by cell fractionation experiments. The major CBL effector cells in NK and ADCC were found in‘non-T’lymphocyte fractions and/or in fractions containing cells with high-avidity receptors for IgG. In contrast, CBL fractions consisting of about 100% lymphocytes bearing T-cell markers and depleted of FcγR+ cells were strongly cytotoxic in VDCC when T24 cells (human bladder carcinoma) were the targets. With two other target cell types of similar susceptibility to VDCC, the cytotoxic activity of T-cell-containing fractions was less pronounced, indicating that the target cells play an active role in effector cell selection. The surface marker profiles of the VDCC effector cells were the same for CBL and adult PBL. Incubation of CBL with UV-inactivated virions usually gave no significant stimulation of DNA synthesis above that seen in virus-free controls. Taken together, our results suggest that neither specific recognition of viral antigen by T cells nor mitogenic effects of viral material are involved in VDCC generation.

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Using a haemolytic plaque assay for y-interferon (IFN-γ) secretion we found that in vitro Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EBV immune individuals led to IFN-y secretion, which was apparent wiihin 6 h after virus coniact and peaked 12–24 h after induction. Live, ultraviolel-light-irradiaicd and heat-inactivated virions all caused IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, blood mononuclear cells from EBV non-immune adults or neonates could not be activated to IFN-y production by EBV.

Electronic Resource

0005-2760

Bile acid malabsorption ; Bile acid synthesis ; Dietary cholesterol ; Lympatic drainage

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

1043-4666

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0368-1874

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Murine spleen cells were activated with concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the calcium Ionophore A23187. Cells producing gamma interferon (IFN-γ) or interleukin 4 (IL-4) could be detected by lymphokine-specific monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence. The frequency and kinetics of the lymphokine-producing cells were examined and were approximately the same after stimulation with Con A or PMA and A23187. Thirty hours after activation. 3–9% of the cells produced IFN-γ. There were few IL-4-producing cells, and the maximal frequency was 1 out of 400 spleen cells 48 h after activation. When the cells were activated with PWM, the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was still high 72 h after culture. The majority of the IFN-γ-producing cells were CD8+ and expressed receptors for IL-2.

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Cyclosporin A (CsA) interferes with various T-cell functions in vitro and is a potent inhibitor of T-cell-dependent reactions in vivo, such as graft rejection and control of virus infections. Since human gamma interferon (Hu IFN-γ) is synthesized by T cells and has a controlling role in regulation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, we have studied the effects of CsA on EBV-induced cellular Hu IFN-γ release. CsA inhibited dose-dependently the EBV-induced Hu IFN-γ response, studied at the cellular level in human blood lymphocytes. These effects were not due to toxicity of CsA, since at inhibitory levels cellular EBV infection measured as polyclonal IgM production proceeded unaffected. CsA did not affect the number of spontaneous Hu IFN-γ-secreting cells, nor did it have any inhibitory effect if added after virus exposure. It is concluded that CsA inhibits induction but not production of cellular Hu IFN-γ.

Electronic Resource

1573-6865

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The goal of this study was to establish a generally applicable immunoenzymatic method for the simultaneous detection of cytokine and immunophenotype at the single cell level. Evaluating various cell preparations and staining protocols, we found that permeabilization by saponin (0.1%) is very efficient, in combination with glutaraldehyde (0.04%) as fixative. Among various staining procedures, sequential immunoperoxidase labelling of the cytokine by use of diaminobenzidine, and detection of the immunophenotype by use of 4-chloronaphthol proved most discriminative. The typical localization of the cytokine reaction product (‘Golgi staining’) within the cell, and the ‘ringlike’ staining for the immunophenotype on the cell surface, allowed precise identification of double-labelled cells. Primary monoclonal antibodies from the same species could be used without loss of sensitivity and specificity for either or both antigens. This method thus provides the opportunity to study morphology, cytokine and immunophenotype simultaneously at the single cell level with standard equipment. Its application for the analysis of tissue samples is in progress, and may allow us to incorporate the cytokine-type as a new parameter in histopathological diagnostics.

Electronic Resource

1435-1463

Dopamine receptors ; striatum ; tardive dyskinesia ; N-methylspiperone ; positron emission tomography

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) using N-11C-methyl spiperone as receptor ligand in patients on longterm treatment with neuroleptic drugs and in control subjects. Eight of the patients had symptoms of tardive dyskinesia whereas three patients did not have any symptoms. Control subjects comprised 5 healthy volunteers and 7 patients with pituitary tumors. All patients had been free of neuroleptic drugs for at least 4 weeks. The time dependent regional radioactivity in the striatum was measured and the receptor binding rate, k3, proportional to receptor number, Bmax and association rate for the receptor was calculated in relation to the cerebellum. The lack in difference in k3 values between TD patients, neuroleptic treated patients without TD and control subjects throws doubt on the hypothesis that changes in striatal D2 dopamin receptor number or binding affinity is an etiological mechanism for persistent TD.

Electronic Resource