Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Rath)

2019-01-10

Rezension, review

2020-04-20

Recht ; Law ; Justiz ; Judiciary ; Gesetzgebung ; Staatsaufsicht ; Bundesverfassungsgericht ; Verfassungsrecht ; Kompetenz ; Parlament ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; legislation ; government supervision ; Federal Constitutional Court ; constitutional law ; competence ; parliament ; Federal Republic of Germany

Diskussionsprotokoll, discussion protocol

2018-07-27

Im Mittelpunkt von Montaignes Essais stehen nicht Fragen der Politik, der Gerechtigkeit, der Metaphysik, sondern Fragen nach dem guten, gelingenden Leben und Antworten darauf. Im Zentrum steht also die Frage nach dem Glück und die korrespondierende Frage danach, warum die Menschen nicht mehr Lebenszeit und Achtsamkeit darauf verwenden, nach Maßgabe der ihnen gegebenen Möglichkeiten glücklich zu werden. Von Montaignes Konzept eines Glücks her, das uns natürlich zubestimmt ist, wenn es uns gelingt, ausbalanciert, das heißt naturgemäß und zugleich in Einklang mit den Anforderungen der Kultur zu leben, gewinnen seine Ein- und Auslassungen, seine Anekdoten, Reminiszenzen, Erzählungen und Aphorismen ihre spezifische Farbe. Viele seiner Einsichten in historische Formen, kulturelle Variationen und leibliche, seelische und soziale Bedingungen eines richtigen Lebens erscheinen durchaus modern. Sein Konzept betont die Diesseitigkeit, die sinnliche und naturale Verankerung und den Vergänglichkeitsbezug der Glückserfahrung.

Subject of the essais by Montaigne is neither politics, nor justice, nor metaphysics - the essais deal with questions and answers on good and successful life. Subjects therefore are two questions, first the question on what happiness is and second why people do not spent more time of their life and draw more attention to become happy under the available possibilities. If the human being succeeds to equilibrate its life between nature and the requirements of culture, Montaigne thought happiness is naturally intended for human life. Up from this idea his anecdotes, reminiscences, stories and aphorisms receive their specific undertone. Lot of his insights into the historic forms, cultural variations as well as the bodily, mental and social conditions of a good life seem to be very modern. Its idea emphasizes the secular being in the world, the sensual and natural roots and the perishability of the experience of happiness.

Philosophie ; Geschichte ; Philosophy ; History ; Philosophie, Theologie ; Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung ; Philosophy, Ethics, Religion ; Social History, Historical Social Research ; Frankreich ; 16. Jahrhundert ; Glück ; Natur ; Kultur ; Lebenssinn ; Mensch ; Selbststeuerung ; Renaissance ; Bildung ; Theorie ; Antike ; Psychologie ; Theologie ; Religionskritik ; France ; sixteenth century ; happiness ; nature ; culture ; meaning of life ; human being ; self-regulation ; education ; theory ; antiquity ; philosophy ; psychology ; theology ; religious criticism ; historisch ; normativ ; historical ; normative

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2024-03-18

Seit der Kolonisierung der Karibik erschien in Frankreich eine Vielzahl an Zombie-Texten - von Kinderliteratur bis zum Zombie-Ballett. Besonders nach der Haitianischen Revolution 1791-1804 wurde mit der Figur des Zombies Wissen über den karibischen Raum produziert, das auch Vorstellungen von Europa nachhaltig prägte. Gudrun Rath untersucht erstmals diese vergessene transatlantische Geschichte der Zombie-Figur und zeigt, wie sie im Kontext von stereotypen Karibik-Darstellungen, Diskursen über Versklavung und Abolition, Todesriten und Vorstellungen von Körper und Seele nach dem Tod zum Einsatz kam - und wie sie Europa nicht nur in der Popkultur bis heute heimsucht.

Geschichte ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; History ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Zombie; Kolonialgeschichte; Karibik; Voodoo; Haiti; Kadaver; Untote; Maske; Abolitionismus; Interkulturalität; History of Colonialism; Caribbean; Carcass; Undead; Mask; Abolitionism; Interculturalism ; Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung ; Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ; Social History, Historical Social Research ; Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ; Kultur ; Europa ; Körper ; Theater ; Literatur ; Ritual ; Karibischer Raum ; Frankreich ; Haiti ; Kolonialismus ; Postkolonialismus ; Archiv ; Wissen ; Film ; Kulturgeschichte ; Transkulturalität ; Kulturwissenschaft ; culture ; Europe ; body ; theater ; literature ; ritual ; Caribbean Region ; France ; colonialism ; post-colonialism ; archives ; knowledge ; film ; cultural history ; cross-culturality ; cultural studies

Monographie, monograph

2018-10-17

Dieser Beitrag untersucht Fragen der Darstellung und der Entwicklung von partizipativen Praktiken im Kontext der Erforschung von Erfahrungen von Frauen bei einem Training als Krisenberaterinnen bei Vergewaltigung. Beim Durchgang durch Kontext und Methoden, durch Forschung generierte Dichtung, von Teilnehmer/innenreaktionen und -vorlieben sowie die Diskussion textueller Präsentationen lädt das Format des geschichteten Texts Lesende dazu ein, ein Gefühl dafür zu entwickeln, wie reflektierte Praktiker/innen immer wieder die instabilen Antworten auf die Frage aushandeln müssen, was es innerhalb der partizipativen Forschung bedeutet, beides darzustellen: das Selbst bzw. die Selbste und die Anderen.

This article explores issues of representation and the development of participatory practices in the context of researching women's experiences of training to be rape crisis counselors. In moving between context and methods, research generated poetry, participants' responses and preferences, and discussion of textual presences, the layered text format invites the reader to develop a sense of how the reflective practitioner may negotiate, and constantly renegotiate, the unstable nature of what it means to represent both self/ves and Others within participatory qualitative research.

Este artículo explora cuestiones de representación y de desarrollo de prácticas participativas en el contexto del investigar las experiencias de las mujeres durante la capacitación para ser consejeras de crisis de violación. Al moverse entre contexto y métodos, la poesía generada por la investigación, las preferencias y respuestas de las participantes, y la discusión de presencias textuales, el formato de texto en capas invita al lector a desarrollar un sentido de cómo la practicante reflexiva pueda negociar, y renegociar constantemente, la naturaleza inestable de lo que significa representarse a si misma y a otras dentro de la investigación cualitativa participativa.

Sociology & anthropology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Psychology ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Psychologie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; geschichteter Text; Darstellung; Strategien des Schreibens; layered text; participation; methodology; rape crisis; representation; writing strategies; poetry; texto en capas; participación; metodología; crisis de violación; representación; estrategias de escritura; poesía ; Forschungsarten der Sozialforschung ; Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik ; psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention ; Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention ; Research Design ; Sociology of Communication, Sociology of Language, Sociolinguistics ; Sexualdelikt ; Krise ; sexueller Missbrauch ; Methodologie ; Frau ; Partizipation ; Vergewaltigung ; Krisenbewältigung ; Sozialforschung ; Krisenkommunikation ; Dichtung ; Beratung ; methodology ; poetry ; sexual offense ; counseling ; woman ; rape ; crisis ; participation ; social research ; crisis communication ; crisis management (psych.) ; sexual abuse ; descriptive study ; deskriptive Studie

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2024-09-19

Im Anschluss an die Frage, ob man denn eigentlich wisse, worüber man spreche, wenn man Bildung in "inflationärer Weise einfordere, anziele, standardisiere und evaluiere" und ob man Bildung wirklich "machen" kann, diskutiert der Autor zunächst den Begriff der "Wissensgesellschaft" und inwiefern in einer Wissensgesellschaft Bildung überhaupt noch möglich bzw. "machbar" ist. Anschließend nennt er einige wichtige Aspekte aus der Geschichte der Bildungsphilosophie und Bildungstheorie, bevor er schließlich Bildung unter dem Aspekt der Reformen beleuchtet und Bildung anhand der Schulen und Hochschulen (Lehrerbildung in Baden-Württemberg) konkretisiert.

Bildung und Erziehung ; Education ; Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Education and Pedagogics ; Macroanalysis of the Education System, Economics of Education, Educational Policy ; Makroebene des Bildungswesens ; Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Bildung ; Bildungsreform ; Wissensgesellschaft ; Management ; Hochschule ; Bildungstheorie ; Schule ; Bildungspolitik ; education ; educational policy ; university ; Federal Republic of Germany ; school ; educational theory ; knowledge society ; management ; educational reform

Sammelwerksbeitrag, collection article

2024-08-29

Sammelrezension: 1) Catherine Keller: Facing Apocalypse - Climate, Democracy and Other Last Chances. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books 2021. 978-1-626-98413-4.+++2) Michaël Fœssel: Nach dem Ende der Welt: Kritik der apokalyptischen Vernunft. Wien/Berlin: Turia + Kant 2019. 978-3-851-32936-0.+++3) Alexander García Düttmann, Marcus Quent (Hrsg.): Die Apokalypse enttäuscht. Zürich: Diaphanes 2023. 978-3-035-80619-9.+++4) Monika Kaup: New Ecological Realisms - Post-Apocalyptic Fiction and Contemporary Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2021. 978-1-474-48310-0.+++5) Pablo Servigne, Raphaël Stevens: Wie alles zusammenbrechen kann: Handbuch der Kollapsologie. Wien/Berlin: Mandelbaum 2022. 978-3-854-76920-0.+++6) Pablo Servigne, Raphaël Stevens, Gauthier Chapelle: Une autre fin du monde est possible - Vivre l'effondrement (et pas seulement y survivre). Paris: Éditions du Seuil 2018. 978-2-021-33258-2.

Philosophie ; Philosophy ; Apokalypse; Weltuntergang; Klimakatastrophe; Klimawandel; Demokratie; Vernunft; Atombombe; Atomkrieg; Poststrukturalismus; Kollapsologie; Soziales Leben ; Philosophie, Theologie ; Philosophy, Ethics, Religion

Rezension, review

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Plasmon loss features of porous silicon (PS) layers consisting of Si nanoparticles with average diameters of 3.6–4.5 nm were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The volume plasmons of the Si nanoparticles in the as-prepared PS layers have the same energy as that of bulk Si (17.4 eV). The surfaces of the PS layers were sputter etched by argon (Ar) ion bombardment to remove any hydrogen passivation. The plasmon energy for the surface-sputtered PS layers increases from 17.4 eV to either ∼17.9 or 18.5 eV depending on the size of the nanoparticles, while the energy for bulk Si remains the same after the surface sputtering. A qualitative model with the plasma frequency modified from the free electron model was introduced to explain the observed characteristic features in the volume plasmons. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The dynamical behavior of wide-gap instabilities in spherical Couette flow is investigated experimentally with chaos analyzing techniques applied on time series from Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry (LDV) measurements. With an increasing Reynolds number of the rotating inner sphere, the flow undergoes two Hopf bifurcations and several mode changes. The transition scenarios for two different gap widths investigated can be described primarily as the Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse type and show a strong dependence on the meridional coordinate. The transition processes are accompanied by phenomena such as a locked torus in reconstructed phase space and periodic long wave modulations of chaotic flows. Although the investigated gap widths are all classified as wide, a comparison exhibits significant differences in the development of chaotic motion. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We have investigated the appearance of normal stress differences in suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles by observation of the rise of the fluid at a rotating axis. The combination ν10+4ν20 of the low shear rate limits of the normal stress coefficients ν10 and ν20 has been varied by means of the action of a magnetic field applied to the fluid. Its value has been determined for different shear rate and magnetic field strength. To enhance observability of the rise of the fluids, the experiments have been carried out under conditions of reduced gravity during parabolic flights. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

A self-consistent perturbation theory is developed to compute the ground-state energy for the Hamiltonian H=P2+2X2+2(2λ)1/2X3+λX4 in the weak coupling regime λ〈〈〈1. Energy corrections up to third order are given. Reasonably good agreement is obtained with previous computations.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The classical rectangular lid-driven-cavity problem is considered in which the motion of an incompressible fluid is induced by a single lid moving tangentially to itself with constant velocity. In a system infinitely extended in the spanwise direction the flow is two-dimensional for small Reynolds numbers. By a linear stability analysis it is shown that this basic flow becomes unstable at higher Reynolds numbers to four different three-dimensional modes depending on the aspect ratio of the cavity's cross section. For shallow cavities the most dangerous modes are a pair of three-dimensional short waves propagating spanwise in the direction perpendicular to the basic flow. The mode is localized on the strong basic-state eddy that is created at the downstream end of the moving lid when the Reynolds number is increased. In the limit of a vanishing layer depth the critical Reynolds number approaches a finite asymptotic value. When the depth of the cavity is comparable to its width, two different centrifugal-instability modes can appear depending on the exact value of the aspect ratio. One of these modes is stationary, the other one is oscillatory. For unit aspect ratio (square cavity), the critical mode is stationary and has a very short wavelength. Experiments for the square cavity with a large span confirm this instability. It is argued that this three-dimensional mode has not been observed in all previous experiments, because the instability is suppressed by side-wall effects in small-span cavities. For large aspect ratios, i.e., for deep cavities, the critical three-dimensional mode is stationary with a long wavelength. The critical Reynolds number approaches a finite asymptotic value in the limit of an infinitely deep cavity. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1475-6765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Political Science

Abstract. The political action of immigrant ethnic minorities in the Netherlands is examined in an attempt to assess the relevance of the neo-Marxist theory of the British sociologists Miles and Phizacklea, who identify three processes of political action: the black unity process, the class unity process and the ethnic organisation process. On the basis of available evidence from the Dutch case it is argued that in present circumstances neither black unity nor class unity are very likely, and that immigrants are likely to adopt an ethnic organisation perspective. Such a perspective is not due to racial exclusion within the working class. This conclusion differs from that of Miles and Phizacklea. It is shown that the theory applies to societies in which classes or class fractions can be clearly identified, but less to societies of another type such as the Dutch. Moreover, it is shown that Miles and Phizacklea tend to overemphasise the effects of native white racism on immigrant political action and neglect the dynamics of ethnicity and its mobilising force.

Electronic Resource

1540-8183

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Sixteen patients with a mean age of 65.4 ± 9.8 years and suffering from peripheral vascular disease underwent peripheral atherectomy using a new mechanical device—the BARD Rotary Atherectomy System (BRAS). The BRAS is an “over the wire” system that consists of a spiral guidewire and a handheld motor drive unit, which rotates at 1,500 rpm. Prior to the procedure angiography demonstrated the presence of 18 obstructions (1 tibial, 2 popliteal, 15 superficial femoral arteries) with a mean stenosis of 95.7 ± 8%. Successful atherectomy was achieved in 16 of 18 lesions and resulted in an 89% immediate success rate and a significant (P 〈 0.01) reduction of stenosis to 37.8 ± 12.5%. There were no significant complications. The excised and removed material embedded over the spiral guidewire demonstrated the presence of fibrotic tissue, fatty lesions, and calcium deposits. Medial or adventitial layers were not present in the removed atherosclerotic material. Mean ABI was significantly (P 〈 0.01) increased from 0.38 ± 0.17 to 0.55 ± 0.21 following atherectomy. Angiographic follow-up obtained in ten patients 8.8 ± 5.2 months following the procedure demonstrated restenosis in six of those ten patients. The ABI at this time remained unchanged. These results demonstrated that the new BRAS mechanical atherectomy system is feasible and safe for recanalization of severely stenosed arteries in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Electronic Resource

1540-8183

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A reusable metallic valvotomy device has been developed with the goals of improving the results of percutaneous mitral valvotomy and increasing the cost-effectiveness of the procedure. The device consists of a detachable and reusable metallic dilator with two articulated bars screwed at the distal end of a catheter. Using transseptal catheterization, the device is placed across the valve over a traction guidewire and then opened gradually by means of pliers up to a maximum of 40 mm. To date, the device was used in 168 patients with a broad spectrum of mitral valve disease. The procedure was successful in 95% of cases and resulted in an increase in mitral valve area from 1.01 ± 0.8 to 2.20 ± 0.7 cm2. No increase in mitral regurgitation was noted in 87% of cases. Bilateral splitting of the commissures was observed in 89%. Complications included the following: 2 severe mitral regurgitations (one requiring surgery), 1 pericardial tamponade, 1 transient cerebrovascular embolic event. The maximum number of consecutive patients treated with the same device was 35. The results obtained are at least comparable to those of current balloon techniques and confirm the possibility of safe multiple reuses of the device after sterilization.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: In olivocerebellar circuits, changes in the subunit composition of GABAA receptors occur at a time of extensive synaptic remodeling. In the deep cerebellar nuclei, GABAA receptor α1, β2, and γ2 subunit mRNA expression increases throughout neonatal development, whereas in the inferior olivary complex, the perinatal combination of α3, α5, β3, and γ2 mRNAs switches to the adult combination of α2, α4, β3, and γ1 during postnatal week 2. In situ hybridization was used to examine changes in subunit expression in the olivocerebellar nuclei of Purkinje cell degeneration and weaver mutant mice. In Purkinje cell degeneration, subunit transcripts decreased below control levels in olivary neurons; however, α1, β2, and γ2 transcript levels were slightly increased in the medial nucleus of the deep cerebellar nuclei. In weaver olivary neurons, although the switch from early- to late-onset subunit mRNAs occurred as in normal mice, transcript levels were differentially modulated by the mutation. Our studies indicate that major alterations in synaptic connectivity do not prevent developmentally programmed switches in GABAA receptor gene expression but can modulate the timing and level of transcript expression in afferent and efferent neurons.

Electronic Resource

1365-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

The variation in the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) and the urinary pH of dairy cows was examined over the year 1996–97 in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Mineral concentrations in the pasture and dairy cow milk production were also examined. Three farmlets (A, B and C) under different feeding and management systems were used for the purpose of the study. Feeding management was based on grazed grass with stocking rates of 1·4, 2·5 and 4·7 cows ha–1 for farmlets A, B and C respectively. Cows on farmlets B and C received more supplementary feed than those on the A farmlet.The urine of the cows in each herd was sampled for pH twice monthly, after morning milking. A sample of the feed on offer the previous day was collected and analysed for crude protein, in vitro dry-matter digestibility and macrominerals. Milk yields were recorded on the same day as urine sampling and weather data for the previous day were also collected.Pasture cation–anion difference was not greatly influenced by stocking rate or associated management practices, although mineral concentrations in pasture did vary. Urine pH was unaffected by changes in climate, management strategies (e.g. stocking rate), season and stage of lactation. Moreover, urine pH was also unaffected by changes in DCAD until the DCAD declined below approximately +15 mequiv. 100 g–1 for two consecutive sampling periods.It is concluded that when this threshold for DCAD (+15 mequiv. 100 g–1) is breached, even in late lactation, a decrease in urine pH occurs. In south-eastern Australia, the DCAD offered to non-lactating cows in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy, in spring-calving herds, on a pasture-based diet is nearly always above that regarded as optimum in other feeding systems.

Electronic Resource

1365-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

The objective of this study was to compare the biological and economic efficiency of a seasonal pasture-based spring calving system of milk production on a high-rainfall, heavy-clay soil [Kilmaley (KMY)] to that on a lower-rainfall free-draining soil [Moorepark (MPN)] in Ireland. The physical performance data were obtained from a 3-year study (1998–2000) carried out at both sites. Analysis of the system of milk production at the two sites was undertaken using the Moorepark Dairy System Model. Herbage dry-matter production was greater at the MPN site with a greater proportion being produced between 1 September and 1 May. On average, over the 3 years, the system of milk production at the MPN site had a higher stocking rate (2·34 vs. 1·89 cows ha−1), higher milk production per cow (6421 vs. 5781 kg per cow), longer grazing season (250 vs. 149 d) and a higher proportion of the diet of the herd from grazed grass (0·70 vs. 0·40) than at KMY. Economic analysis showed that, in a 468 100 kg European Union milk quota scenario, the profitability at the MPN site was €28 417 greater than at the KMY site. At similar milk production per cow it was €19 138 greater. Monte Carlo simulation showed that the MPN site was stochastically dominant over the KMY site. Sensitivity analyses showed that farm profit was most sensitive to changes in milk price. The results also indicated that milk production in the future may not be sustainable economically on high-rainfall, heavy-clay soils in Ireland.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

In order to investigate the feasibility of using Kumakhov capillary x-ray optics for high energy x-ray applications, measurements have been performed on the behavior of capillary optics from 10 to 80 keV. Transmission efficiencies of straight polycapillary fibers of different types have been measured as a function of source location and x-ray energy. The measurements are analyzed using a geometrical optics simulation program, which includes roughness and waviness effects. Despite the low critical angle for total external reflection at high energies, capillary x-ray optics appear promising for many hard x-ray applications. Transmission measurements at high energies have also proven to be a very sensitive tool in capillary quality analysis. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Polycapillary x-ray optics are arrays of large numbers of small hollow glass tubes which deflect x rays by successive total external reflection. These optics have growing numbers of applications in areas ranging from medical imaging to microanalysis. An accelerated radiation effects study has been performed to understand the performance limitation of these optics for medium to high intensity radiation applications, to study x-radiation damage mechanisms, and to investigate possible ways to mitigate the radiation effects on x-ray transmission efficiency. Exposures have been done in white beam bending magnet radiation with peak energies at 5 and 11 keV and focused broad band radiation centered at 1.4 keV. In situ and ex situ measurements of loss of x-ray transport efficiency have been executed at doses up to 1.8 MJ/cm2. Thin polycapillary fibers displayed noticeable bending and experienced substantial degradation of x-ray transmission. Thicker polycapillary fibers showed a linear but much slower transmission loss as a function of total dose. Annealing effectively restored the low energy (∼8 keV) transmission efficiency of the fibers. Exposure of these fibers at slightly elevated temperatures prevented any measurable loss in the low energy transmission efficiency. A variety of analytical techniques has been used to understand these results. No significant change was observed in the chemical composition of the capillary surface. Profile measurements and high energy transmission efficiency spectra, along with computer simulation studies, suggest that radiation induced bending is the primary cause of transmission efficiency degradation of the fibers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource