Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Talbot)
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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressM. A. Ruiz-Primo ; D. Briggs ; H. Iverson ; R. Talbot ; L. A. Shepard
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-03-12Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Biology/education ; Chemistry/education ; Curriculum ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; *Learning ; Physics/education ; Research Design ; Science/*education ; *TeachingPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressY. Jiang ; M. Xie ; W. Chen ; R. Talbot ; J. F. Maddox ; T. Faraut ; C. Wu ; D. M. Muzny ; Y. Li ; W. Zhang ; J. A. Stanton ; R. Brauning ; W. C. Barris ; T. Hourlier ; B. L. Aken ; S. M. Searle ; D. L. Adelson ; C. Bian ; G. R. Cam ; Y. Chen ; S. Cheng ; U. DeSilva ; K. Dixen ; Y. Dong ; G. Fan ; I. R. Franklin ; S. Fu ; P. Fuentes-Utrilla ; R. Guan ; M. A. Highland ; M. E. Holder ; G. Huang ; A. B. Ingham ; S. N. Jhangiani ; D. Kalra ; C. L. Kovar ; S. L. Lee ; W. Liu ; X. Liu ; C. Lu ; T. Lv ; T. Mathew ; S. McWilliam ; M. Menzies ; S. Pan ; D. Robelin ; B. Servin ; D. Townley ; W. Wang ; B. Wei ; S. N. White ; X. Yang ; C. Ye ; Y. Yue ; P. Zeng ; Q. Zhou ; J. B. Hansen ; K. Kristiansen ; R. A. Gibbs ; P. Flicek ; C. C. Warkup ; H. E. Jones ; V. H. Oddy ; F. W. Nicholas ; J. C. McEwan ; J. W. Kijas ; J. Wang ; K. C. Worley ; A. L. Archibald ; N. Cockett ; X. Xu ; B. P. Dalrymple
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2014Staff ViewPublication Date: 2014-06-07Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome ; Keratins, Hair-Specific/genetics ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rumen/metabolism/*physiology ; Sheep, Domestic/classification/*genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Wool/growth & developmentPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesFischhoff, Baruch ; Slovic, Paul ; Page, R. Talbot ; Maclean, Douglas
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1984Staff ViewISSN: 1539-6924Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power EngineeringType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1467-9639Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MathematicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesDawson, A. ; Talbot, R. T. ; Dunn, I. C. ; Sharp, P. J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
Published 2002Staff ViewISSN: 1365-2826Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) and the avian prolactin-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), were measured in the basal hypothalamus in male starlings during photo-induced gonadal growth and the subsequent development and maintenance of reproductive photorefractoriness. Comparisons were made with thyroidectomized birds, which maintain breeding condition irrespective of changes in photoperiod. In intact birds, basal hypothalamic GnRH-I increased four-fold after photostimulation and then decreased 115-fold over 12 weeks to values characteristic of long-term photorefractoriness. Pituitary and plasma prolactin increased after photostimulation, reaching peak values when the testes were regressing, and returned to low values in long-term photorefractory birds. Basal hypothalamic VIP did not change after photostimulation in intact birds. In photostimulated thyroidectomized birds, values for basal hypothalamic GnRH-I and VIP, and for pituitary and plasma prolactin, remained no different to those of nonphotostimulated intact birds. These observations confirm that reproductive photorefractoriness is related to a decrease in hypothalamic GnRH-I. However, photorefractoriness in terms of prolactin secretion is not similarly related to a decrease in basal hypothalamic VIP. The mechanisms responsible for the decrease in prolactin in long-term photorefractory birds and for the total lack of photoperiodic responses in thyroidectomized birds remain unresolved.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesBlache, D. ; Talbot, R. T. ; Blackberry, M. A. ; Williams, K. M. ; Martin, G. B. ; Sharp, P. J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
Published 2001Staff ViewISSN: 1365-2826Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The objective of this study was to establish, for a short-day breeding bird, the male emu, whether the breeding season is principally controlled by changes in photoperiod, and to investigate the endocrine mechanisms involved. Two groups of adult males were subjected to three alternating periods of 150–185 days of 14 h light/day (LD) and 10 h light/day (SD) terminating in a 360-day period of LD or SD. Transfer from LD to SD led to increases in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, after 82 ± 8 and 73 ± 3 (SEM) days, and an increase in prolactin concentrations after 115 ± 12 days. Concentrations of LH and testosterone began to decrease before transfer back to LD, at a time when prolactin concentrations were approaching peak values. Transfer from LD to 360 days of SD resulted in increases in LH and testosterone concentrations, and these terminated after an increase in prolactin concentrations. After transfer from SD to 360 days of LD, plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone began to increase, after delays of 222 ± 24 and 225 ± 13 days, and were high at the end of the study, while prolactin values remained depressed throughout. These observations clearly show that seasonal breeding in the emu is directly controlled by changes in photoperiod. The dynamics of the hormonal responses to change of photoperiod suggest that, despite being short-day breeders, the photoregulation of breeding in emus involves mechanisms that are currently accepted for birds, rather than mechanisms that have been proposed for short-day breeding mammals. The initiation of breeding in emus is due to dissipation of photorefractoriness by short days which leads to an increase in the secretion of gonadotrophins to levels that are sufficient to support full reproductive condition. The termination of breeding, while days are still short, is due to the antigonadotrophic action of prolactin which, unusually for birds, increases while the days are still short. In conclusion, breeding activity in male emus is strongly controlled by photoperiod. Emus are short-day breeders, but the central mechanisms that regulate the secretion of reproductive hormones seem to be similar to those previously proposed for long-day breeding birds. The pattern of prolactin secretion in emus suggests an important role for this hormone in the termination of the breeding cycle.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesSun, Y.-M. ; Dunn, I. C. ; Baines, E. ; Talbot, R. T. ; Illing, N. ; Millar, R. P. ; Sharp, P. J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
Published 2001Staff ViewISSN: 1365-2826Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the occurrence and regulation of chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone I (cGnRH I) and chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (cGnRH-R) mRNA variants in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA). The study was carried out in the cockerel. Fully processed cGnRH I mRNA (cGnRH Ia) and a variant transcript (cGnRH Ib) with a retained intron 1 were observed in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POA), the basal hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and testes. Fully processed cGnRH-R mRNA (cGnRH-Ra) and a variant transcript (cGnRH-Rb) with a deletion were detected in the same tissues. In juvenile cockerels, concentrations of cGnRH Ia and b in the POA increased after castration, and this was prevented by oestrogen treatment. In the anterior pituitary gland, the concentration of cGnRH-Ra increased after castration and this was reversed by oestrogen treatment. In intact adult cockerels, oestrogen treatment depressed plasma luteinizing hormone but did not affect concentrations of cGnRH I and cGnRH-R mRNAs in the POA, basal hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary gland, suggesting that locally produced oestrogen, by aromatization, may exert maximal suppression on cGnRH I and GnRH-R mRNAs. In intact adult cockerels, the concentrations of cGnRH Ia and b in the testis, but not cGnRH-Ra and b, were depressed by oestrogen treatment. It was concluded that fully processed and variant cGnRH I and cGnRH-R mRNAs occur in all components of the HPTA. Oestrogen appears to play a role in the regulation of cGnRH Ia and b in the POA and testes, and of cGnRH-Ra in the POA and anterior pituitary gland.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesShorter, J. H. ; Kolb, C. E. ; Crill, P. M. ; Kerwin, R. A. ; Talbot, R. W. ; Hines, M. E. ; Harriss, R. C.
[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] Methyl bromide is the most abundant gaseous bromine species in the atmosphere, with an average atmospheric mixing ratio in the Northern Hemisphere of 10-15 parts per trillion by volume (p.p.t.v.), with values in the Southern Hemisphere 15-30% lower1 5. Important atmospheric sources for ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesPriest, N. D. ; Talbot, R. J. ; Austin, J. G. ; Day, J. P. ; King, S. J. ; Fifield, K. ; Cresswell, R. G.
Springer
Published 1996Staff ViewISSN: 1572-8773Keywords: aluminium citrate ; aluminium hydroxide ; bioavailability ; ingestionSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyNotes: Abstract A study was undertaken to determine the fraction of ingested aluminium taken up by two male volunteers, following their ingestion of either aluminium citrate or aluminium hydroxide. In addition, the effects of simultaneous citrate ingestion on the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminium from its hydroxide was studied. Volunteers received three oral doses of26Al-labelled aluminium compound in water. The doses were administered directly into the stomach using a paediatric feeding tube. Blood samples were collected from the volunteers at 1, 4 and 24 h after administration, and their daily output of urine and faeces was collected for 6 days. These samples were analysed for their26Al content using either coincidence gamma-counting or accelerator mass spectrometry. The uptake of aluminium was greatest following its administration in the citrate form and was least following intake as the aluminium hydroxide suspension. The co-administration of citrate, with the aluminium hydroxide suspension, was found to enhance the levels of26Al uptake in both volunteers. Using a urinary excretion factor based on the results of previous studies, the fractional aluminium uptake from each of the species was calculated: aluminium citrate, 5.23 × 10−3; aluminium hydroxide, 1.04 × 10−4; aluminium hydroxide with citrate, 1.36 × 10−3.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1262Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Résumé Un audit a été réalisé à propos de 77 patients porteurs d'un cancer unique du côlon et du rectum visualisé et localisé avant chirurgie par colonoscopie. Le siège du cancer décrit à la colonoscopie a été comparé avec la position observée au cours de la laparotomie. Six erreurs significatives dans la localisation pré-opératoire ont été observées rendant nécessaires un changement de la tactite opératoire planifiée en pré-opératoire. Dans deux de ces cas, une morbidité additionnelle est résultée de la description d'un siège erroné des lésions. La localisation inexacte d'une tumeur peut résulter de la colonoscopie, en particulier si cette dernière est incomplète.Notes: Abstract An audit was performed of 77 patients with a single colorectal cancer visualised and sited before surgery by colonoscopic examination. The site of the cancer described at colonoscopy was compared with the actual site found at laparotomy. Six significant errors in preoperative localisation were encountered, when a change from the preoperatively planned resection to an alternative resection was found necessary. In two of these cases, extra morbidity was encountered as a result of these siting errors. Inaccurate localisation is a potential hazard of colonoscopy, especially when the examination is incomplete.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1106Keywords: Monocular deprivation ; Hamster ; Acuity ; Visual physiology ; dLGNSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary The effects of long-term monocular deprivation (MD) on the visual acuity, cortical physiology and dLGN anatomy of the golden hamster were assessed in adult animals which had undergone unilateral eyelid suture at the time of natural eyelid opening. Acuity was measured in a two-alternative forced-choice task in a Y-maze, using a modified method of constant stimuli to vary the spatial frequency of a high-contrast square-wave grating which had the same mean luminance (5 cd/m2) as a uniform grey card. The acuity of the normal (non-deprived) eye of each of two early-MD hamsters was within the normal range (about 0.5 cycles per degree of visual angle), but the acuity of the deprived eyes was reduced by about 0.6 octaves at the 70%-correct criterion. A second reversal of eyelid suture and retesting through the “normal” eye demonstrated that this acuity difference was not attributable to surgical artifacts. Another hamster undergoing prolonged MD beginning in adulthood had normal acuity in both eyes, indicating a “sensitive period” in the development of the hamster's visual system. Single-unit recording from area V1 of the cortex of four early-MD hamsters revealed a shift in ocular dominance favouring the normal eye. The deprived eye's loss of excitatory influence was greater in the ipsilateral hemisphere, but even here 57% of cells were binocularly driven. Only small differences were observed in other receptive field properties. In the dLGN, cell areas in the deprived “lamina” were about 4% smaller than in the non-deprived areas after 5–7.5 months of MD, a difference which was statistically non-significant. However, this difference increased to 19.5% in one hamster in which MD lasted 17 months (p 〈 0.025). The relatively small MD effect observed in the hamster is interpreted as being consistent with the absence of a sensitive “detail-analysing” mechanism in the hamster's visual system.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesTalbot, R. A. J. 〈Major-General the Hon, CB〉
London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Published 1898Staff ViewISSN: 0307-1847Topics: Political ScienceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] SIR-Muller in Scientific Correspondence1 suggests that a selective retention of actinides by the male gonads may induce leukaemia in the children of people whose work involves processing these materials. It is commonly assumed for the purposes of radiological protection that most plutonium entering ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-2568Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The effect of luminal 150 mmol saline, 0.05–0.2% (w/v) lysolecithin, and 5–20% (v/v) ethanol was studied on the mucosal morphology of the proximal small intestine in conscious guinea pigs as well as on the mucosal penetration and transfer to portal venous blood of luminal horseradish peroxidase (HRP). No ultrastructural evidence of mucosal damage was identified in any of the lysolecithin-perfused animals compared with saline controls. Ten and 20% ethanol (v/v) resulted in the appearance of fluid-filled spaces between enterocytes and in cytoplasmic lipid deposits and an increased number of autophagic vesicles within the cells themselves. Tight junctions remained intact. These changes after luminal 5% ethanol (v/v) were much less conspicuous. In the presence of saline, luminal HRP was largely confined to the brush border. Both lysolecithin and ethanol (5% v/v) rapidly induced mucosal penetration of HRP which was seen in cytoplasmic vesicles within enterocytes, between enterocytes, and in the lamina propria. Peak portal venous blood levels of HRP studied in multiple samples over 3 hr were one log unit greater than saline controls. Absorption of HRP was proportional to the luminal concentration of lysolecithin in the range tested. These studies show that mucosal penetration and absorption of functional exogenous macromolecules may be induced, in the absence of morphological evidence of mucosal damage, by luminal constituents which may perturb the structure of enterocyte membranes.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesSharp, P. J. ; Li, Q. ; Talbot, R. T. ; Barker, P. ; Huskisson, N. ; Lea, R. W.
Springer
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1432-0878Keywords: Osmoregulation ; fos immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Vasotocin ; Domestic hen Gallus domesticus ; Japanese quail Coturnix japonica ; Ring dove Streptopelia risoria ; Zebra finch, Taenopygia guttataSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Domestic hens were injected intraperitoneally with hypertonic or isotonic saline and killed 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h later. Japanese quail, Ring doves and Zebra finches were treated in the same way and killed 2 h later. Using fos immunocytochemistry, fos-positive cells were visualized in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. In all species, two hours after treatment with hypertonic but not with isotonic saline, a prominent cluster of fos-positive cells was seen close to the mid-line, dorsal to the anterior part of the third ventricle, in and around the nucleus commissurae pallii. The cell cluster was associated with the dorsal region of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and passed caudo-dorsally above the anterior commissure into the area of the subfornical organ, spreading diffusely into the nucleus septalis medialis and the nucleus dorsomedialis anterior thalami. The maximal expression of c-fos was seen 2 h after treatment with hypertonic saline: weak fos immunoreactive product was seen at 0.5, 1 h and 6 h but not after 12 and 24 h. In all birds, 2 h after treatment with hypertonic but not with isotonic saline, fos-positive cells were also seen in the nucleus paraventricularis and nucleus supraopticus. Double immunocytochemistry in the domestic hen with an antibody to vasotocin showed that these fos-positive cells were classical magnocellular vasotocinergic neurones. This study extends earlier studies in birds using lesioning and electrophysiological techniques to identify the precise cellular localization of the avian “osmoreceptive complex” projected onto a stereotaxic atlas.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesSharp, P. J. ; Li, Q. ; Talbot, R. T. ; Barker, P. ; Huskisson, N. ; Lea, R. W.
Springer
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1432-0878Keywords: Key words: Osmoregulation ; fos immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Vasotocin ; Domestic hen Gallus domesticus ; Japanese quail Coturnix japonica ; Ring dove Streptopelia risoria ; Zebra finch ; Taenopygia guttataSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract. Domestic hens were injected intraperitoneally with hypertonic or isotonic saline and killed 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h later. Japanese quail, Ring doves and Zebra finches were treated in the same way and killed 2 h later. Using fos immunocytochemistry, fos-positive cells were visualized in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. In all species, two hours after treatment with hypertonic but not with isotonic saline, a prominent cluster of fos-positive cells was seen close to the mid-line, dorsal to the anterior part of the third ventricle, in and around the nucleus commissurae pallii. The cell cluster was associated with the dorsal region of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and passed caudo-dorsally above the anterior commissure into the area of the subfornical organ, spreading diffusely into the nucleus septalis medialis and the nucleus dorsomedialis anterior thalami. The maximal expression of c-fos was seen 2 h after treatment with hypertonic saline: weak fos immunoreactive product was seen at 0.5, 1 h and 6 h but not after 12 and 24 h. In all birds, 2 h after treatment with hypertonic but not with isotonic saline, fos-positive cells were also seen in the nucleus paraventricularis and nucleus supraopticus. Double immunocytochemistry in the domestic hen with an antibody to vasotocin showed that these fos-positive cells were classical magnocellular vasotocinergic neurones. This study extends earlier studies in birds using lesioning and electrophysiological techniques to identify the precise cellular localization of the avian ”osmoreceptive complex” projected onto a stereotaxic atlas.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-2568Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-0662Keywords: Sulfur dioxideSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyGeosciencesNotes: Abstract A new sensitive method for measuring atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide is presented. Samples are obtained using the mist chamber, which collects highly water-soluble gases with high efficiency, and concentrates them in a small volume of water. Particles are removed from the sampled air stream with a teflon filter, before it enters the mist chamber. After collection, the pH of the water is raised above pH 10 using sodium carbonate, then hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is added to oxidize sulfur that may be present in the sulfur (IV) oxidation state, to sulfate. After a reaction time of at least 16 hours, the sulfate concentration is measured by ion chromatography. From the sulfate concentration, the water volume used in the mist chamber, and the volume of air sampled, the atmospheric concentration of SO2 is computed. The method is not sensitive to other atmospheric sulfur gases such as DMS, SC2, H2S, COS, or MSH. The estimated overall precision of the method is 10%. The detection limit at the present stage of technique development is approximately 20 ppt (parts per trillion, or 10-12 mol · mol-1) for a 45 minute sampling time, with lower concentrations being detectable with lower precision.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-2568Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The displacement of endogenous enterokinase into portal venous blood or bile was studied in conscious guinea pigs both with the small intestine undisturbed and during gentle, intermittent luminal perfusion of a 25-cm segment of duodenum and proximal jejunum. Perfusates tested included water, 150 mM saline, 5% (v/v) ethanol, 0.2% (w/v) lysolecithin, and mixtures of ethanol and lysolecithin. Enterokinase activity was absent from portal venous blood of control guinea pigs with the intestine undisturbed but perfusion with luminal saline or water was consistently associated with substantial levels of active enterokinase in portal venous blood. Similar concentrations of enterokinase in portal blood were also detected in response to luminal ethanol and lysolecithin. The capacity of the normal liver rapidly to clear the enzyme from portal blood was demonstrated. Of the estimated total endogenous enterokinase displaced, 0.2–0.4% was recovered in catalytically active form from the pooled bile of luminally perfused but not control animals. The readiness with which enterokinase was displaced into the circulation in the absence of mucosal damage raises the unexpected possibility that the event may be physiological. Induced penetration of the mucosa and absorption of luminal components is clearly different from the release into portal venous blood of endogenous mucosal macromolecules.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: