Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Reinhardt)

2018-07-20

American Society of Hematology (ASH)

0006-4971

1528-0020

Biology

Medicine

Pediatric Hematology, Free Research Articles, Myeloid Neoplasia, Lymphoid Neoplasia, CME article, Clinical Trials and Observations

2016-01-21

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Genes, Bacterial/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Janus Kinases/metabolism ; Mice ; Microbial Viability/genetics ; RNA, Bacterial/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/cytology/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Virulence/genetics

2018-11-01

American Chemical Society (ACS)

0002-7863

1520-5126

Chemistry and Pharmacology

2013-12-20

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Beta vulgaris/*genetics ; Biofuels/supply & distribution ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Ethanol/metabolism ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Genomics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spinacia oleracea/genetics

2011-08-13

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gadus morhua/*genetics/*immunology ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Immune System/*immunology ; Immunity/*genetics/immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics/immunology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Synteny/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors/genetics

2012-08-04

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Actinobacteria/isolation & purification ; Arabidopsis/classification/*microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Cell Wall/metabolism/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Endophytes/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Host Specificity ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; *Metagenome ; Plant Cells/microbiology ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; Proteobacteria/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Rhizosphere ; Ribotyping ; Soil/analysis/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Excitatory ATP responses in rat cultured thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones are mediated by somatic P2X2 receptors. The present study investigated a possible role of axonal P2X2 as well as P2X7 receptors on the same preparation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated P2X2 and P2X7 immunoreactivity along the axons as well as P2X7 immunoreactivity surrounding the cell nuclei. P2X7 mRNA expression was detected in individual neurones using a single-cell RT–PCR approach. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) caused a significant increase in axonal Ca2+ concentration which was dependent on external Ca2+ but insensitive to depletion of the cellular Ca2+ pools by cyclopiazonic acid. Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonate (PPADS; 30 µm) virtually abolished the ATP response, whereas brilliant blue G (0.1 µm), a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, had no effect. Dibenzoyl-ATP (BzATP; 100 µm) induced a much smaller increase in axonal [Ca2+] concentration than ATP at equimolar concentrations. The response to BzATP was distinctly reduced by PPADS but not by brilliant blue G. The overall pharmacological profile of the axonal P2X receptors resembled closely that of the somatic P2X2 receptors. In conclusion, the present data suggest the occurrence of axonal excitatory P2X2 receptors in thoracolumbar sympathetic neurones. However, the functional significance of axonal and (peri)-nuclear P2X7 receptors has still to be proven.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development and further progression of periodontitis. However, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of smoking-related periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nicotine, alone and in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on monocyte secretion of bone-resorbing factors, PGE2 and IL-1β. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation from 15 healthy, non-smoking donors. PBM were incubated for 24 h in RPMI 1640 containing nicotine (0, 50 μg/ml, I μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) with or without 10 μg/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS or Escherichia coli LPS. Culture supernatants were assayed for PGE2 and IL-1β by ELISA. None of the nicotine preparations resulted in significant PBM secretion of PGE2 and IL-1β above that of unstimulated cultures. However, PGE2 release was potentiated 1.7-fold by the combination of P. gingivalis LPS and 10 μg/ml nicotine relative to P. gingivalis LPS alone (p〈0.05, one-way ANOVA). Prostaglandin E3 release also was potentiated 3.5-fold by P. gingivalis LPS and 100 μg/ml nicotine relative to P. gingivalis LPS alone (p〈0.00001, one-way ANOVA) and 3.1-fold by E. coli LPS and 100 μg/ml nicotine relative to E. coli LPS alone (p〈0.00001, I. one-way ANOVA). IL-1β secretion was lower for either LPS plus 100 μg/ml nicotine relative to LPS alone, although not significantly. These data demonstrate upregulation of LPS-mediated monocyte secretion of PGE2 by nicotine and suggest a potential role for nicotine in periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) may be related to the pathological processes associated with periodontitis, primarily due to its ability to induce collagenase, increase neutrophil chemotaxis, and stimulate bone resorption. This study was designed to histologically quantitate IL-1β positive cells from various histologic fields in untreated gingivitis/early periodontitis (G/EP) versus moderate /severe periodontitis (M/SP) gingival tissues, and associate these with collagen loss. Two gingival biopsies from 8 patients were collected, one from a G/EP site and one from a M/SP site. Mouse monoclonal antibodies in combination with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system were used to stain for IL-1β, while the van Gieson method was used to stain for collagen in serial sections. Collagen loss in G/EP (35%) and M/SP (52%) fields was consistent with gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. IL-1β positive cells in combined coronal/sulcular (Co/Su) and apical/sulcular (Ap/Su) fields (nearest the bacterial insult) were significantly more numerous compared to combined coronal/middle (Co/Mi) and apical/middle (Ap/Mi) fields (p 〈 0.05). While numbers and percentages of IL-1β positive cells were generally higher in M/SP biopsies, differences were not significant. Further, there was no correlation between the number of IL-1β positive cells and percent collagen loss. However, a significant correlation between IL-1β positive cells and corresponding gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β concentrations was noted (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). Through the use of immunohisto-chemistry, this study demonstrated that the presence of IL-lβ+ cells does not appear to have a direct association with collagen loss.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Recent studies of the cellular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD) have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease process. Functional studies have demonstrated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotactic defects in some 70% of subjects with localized juvenile periodontitis while chemiluminescence data have suggested that periphertal blood PMNs from young subjects with adult periodontitis (AP) may be in a metabolically active state. Further studies have shown that stimulation of PMNs with a number of periodontopathic bacteria resulted in the production of an IL-1 inhibitor suggesting a possible regulatory role for PMNs in CIPD in addition to their established protective role. Most work on the immunoregulation of CIPD has, however, concentrated on T-cells. Recent limit dilution analysis has demonstrated the presence of periodontopathic bacteria-specific T cells in peripheral blood and the involvement and homing of these cells to the local lesions of CIPD is currently the focus of many studies. In animal studies, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)-specific T-cell clones home to the gingival tissues where they may exert a protective role. Homing and retention of lymphocytes to and in specific sites is dependent upon the expression of adhesion molecules. Recent data indicate however, that while there are increasing levels of ICAM-1, LECAM-1 and PECAM-1 expression with increasing degrees of inflammation, there are no differences between gingivitis and periodontitis lesions. Cytokine profiles may be related to the role of T-cell clones homing to the gingiva in CIPD. In subjects susceptible to periodontal breakdown there may be an increase in the type 2 IL-4 producing T-cells whereas in non-susceptible subjects, type 1 IL-2/IFN-γ producing T-cells may preferentially home to the gingiva. This hypothesis is generally supported by recent data obtained from human studies but data obtained from animal studies is only partly supportive and may suggest the opposite. Nevertheless, it is now possible to construct a testable framework or model of CIPD based on these cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A double labeling technique was developed to detect T cell phenotype and HLA-DR (activation) antigens on infiltrating cells in gingival biopsy sites classified as either periodontally active (≥ mm attachment loss within past 3 months), clinically similar but stable, or healthy. Serial cryostat sections were obtained from each of the above disease category biopsies in 13 periodontal maintenance patients, and were processed with sequential Leu series (T cell subsets) avidinbiotin-peroxidase followed by anti-HLA-DR indirect alkaline phosphatase labeling protocols. Labeled cells were counted in repeatable fields in the sulcular, middle and oral thirds of each section, and HLA-DR+ T cells (activated) were calculated. Total HLA-DR-labeled cells and HLA-DR-positive pan-T cells and T helper cells (Th) were all more numerous in active specimens than in healthy sites (p〈0.05), and in sulcular fields than in the oral third of the section (p〈0.05). Although activated T suppressor cell (T5) densities did not vary statistically according to tissue location, active biopsies had more cells per field than either stable or healthy specimens (p〈0.05), especially in the sulcular third. A majority of pan-T, Ts and Th cells appeared to display activation markers in active, stable and healthy biopsies. This study supports the functional role of T lymphocytes in modulating the immune response in periodontal tissues.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The objective of this study was to use an in vivo model of jreiodontitis (mouse calvaria) to quantify the effects of local release of secreted human macrophage products, 17β-estradiol (E2), and proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on histologic bone resorption. Human THP-1 monocytes (106) were converted to macrophage phenotype by 500 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and treated as follows: no stimulation or Escherichia coli LPS (10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with a physiologic dose of E2 (100 pg/ml) for 24 h in RPMI/10% FBS, washed extensively, then incubated for 24 h in serum-free media. Sujrenatant products were concentrated and incorporated into a 4% (w/v) methylcellulose gel. Separate gels were incorporated with the following: LPS (500 µg/animal) alone, high dose of E2 (10 ng/animal) alone, a combination of LPS+E2, or gel only (controls). Loaded or control gels were placed into a polylactic acid occlusive dome, inserted subcutaneously over the calvaria of mature ovariectomized ICR Swiss mice (8 mice×7 groups×2 times [5/14 days] = 112 animals), then calvaria were evaluated histologically. Macrophage stimulation with LPS alone, but not LPS in combination with E2, produced sujrenatants which upregulated osteoclast numbers in the suture area compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.009). The addition of LPS directly to the local delivery gels significantly upregulated osteoclasts in endosteal surfaces compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.024) and at 14 days (p = 0.025). The addition of E2 to LPS down-regulated resorption to a level not different from gel controls at 14 days. This in vivo model appears effective in studying inflammatory bone resorption, which may be inhibited by E2 directly or through its influence on secreted macrophage products.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Inflammatory mediators released as a result of smokeless tobacco (ST)-induced irritation may play a role in the development of oral mucosal lesions at habitual tobacco placement sites in ST users. The present study examined levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in ST-induced mucosal lesions and compared these to mediator levels in clinically normal mucosa. Soft tissue biopsies were obtained from white mucosal lesions at habitual placement sites and normal alveolar mucosal tissue at non-placement sites in 18 ST users. Fifteen non-tobacco using subjects also provided normal alveolar mucosal biopsies. IL-1 and PGE2 were recovered from the specimens, and mediator levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Prostaglandin E2 levels (pg/mg) were lower in both regions in the ST subjects, but values did not vary significantly between the regions with 2.77±0.72 and 2.86±0.99 at placement and non-placement sites, respectively, in ST users and 7.31±3.84 in non-tobacco users. Both IL-1α and IL-lβ (pg/mg) were significantly (p 〈 0.0I) elevated in ST lesions (IL-lã=25.56±4.00; IL-1β=7.76±1.68) compared to either non-placement sites in ST users (IL-lα=14.64±2.65; IL-lβ=1.63±0.72) or non-tobacco users (IL-lα=12.84±2.60; IL-lβ=2.04±0.75). In view of IL-l's role in keratinocyte proliferation and its inflammatory effects, this cytokine may contribute to mucosal and gingival alterations observed in ST users.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background:  Periodontitis is characterized by altered bone turnover, but local measurements are difficult.Objectives:  The objective of this study was to develop a method to measure multiple markers of bone turnover from single samples collected at various bone surfaces of the periodontium, and to test the ratios of these markers against more traditional serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples.Materials and methods:  Fourteen subjects with untreated periodontitis were recruited for sampling serum, GCF (from sites ≥ 5 mm probing depth that bled on probing) and washes of periodontal bone surfaces (adjacent interproximal, vestibular cortical and trabecular bone) with a novel irrigating device. All samples were analyzed for osteocalcin (OC, bone turnover marker; RIA), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx, bone resorption marker; ELISA) and albumin (Alb, serum protein; ELISA). Results were reported as ratios: OC/NTx to determine relative bone turnover, and OC/Alb or NTx/Alb to determine local OC or NTx production.Results:  The OC/NTx ratio was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in serum vs. GCF (OC undetectable), interproximal bone and cortical vestibular bone, but significantly lower than in trabecular vestibular bone. The OC/Alb ratio for serum was also statistically lower than for vestibular trabecular bone. The NTx/Alb ratio for serum was statistically lower than for GCF and all the bone wash test sites. The results indicated considerable local production of both OC and NTx.Conclusions:  This system demonstrated that multiple markers of bone turnover can be harvested by irrigation from periodontal bone microenvironments. Bone turnover profiles from periodontal bone surfaces and GCF differed from systemic bone turnover profiles (serum) and may be valuable in tracking site-specific responses to disease or treatment.

Electronic Resource

0005-2736

(Na^+ + K^+)-ATPase ; Leakage channel ; Membrane reconstitution ; Trypsin treatment ; n-Decane

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Nature 418, 41–49 (2002); doi:10.1038/nature00870; published online 20 June 2002 In response to questions raised recently about flow cytometry data reported in Fig. 1 of this Article, we had the flow cytometry ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] We report here that cells co-purifying with mesenchymal stem cells—termed here multipotent adult progenitor cells or MAPCs—differentiate, at the single cell level, not only into mesenchymal cells, but also cells with visceral mesoderm, neuroectoderm and endoderm characteristics in ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] It is thought that immunity depends on naïve CD4 T cells that proliferate in response to microbial antigens, differentiate into memory cells that produce anti-microbial lymphokines, and migrate to sites of infection. Here we use immunohistology to enumerate individual naïve CD4 T ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Human–chimpanzee comparative genome research is essential for narrowing down genetic changes involved in the acquisition of unique human features, such as highly developed cognitive functions, bipedalism or the use of complex language. Here, we report the high-quality DNA sequence of 33.3 ...

Electronic Resource

0167-4781

(S. solfataricus) ; Amino acid methylation ; DNA binding protein ; Microsequence analysis ; Radius of gyration

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource