Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Shepherd)

2018-02-16

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Rehabilitation medicine, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Open access, Rehabilitation medicine

2011-08-26

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2018-05-25

American Society of Hematology (ASH)

0006-4971

1528-0020

Biology

Medicine

Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells, e-Blood

2018-08-24

American Society of Hematology (ASH)

0006-4971

1528-0020

Biology

Medicine

Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells, Myeloid Neoplasia

2018-02-09

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Public health, Open access, Public health

1475-2743

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract. Recent experiments on soils overlying sand, chalk and limestone aquifers have shown that nitrate leaching losses can be decreased by modifying crop husbandry. Green cover during winter, if established early enough, can reduce nitrate loss. Cultivations can be timed to minimize leaching, and the advantages of irrigation (increased nitrogen offtake and smaller post-harvest soil mineral nitrogen residues) outweigh the potential disadvantage of increased leaching risk during the growing season. It is important not to over-fertilize crops. Using these techniques within farm rotations has decreased nitrate losses in small plot experiments. The next step is to measure the effects on commercial farms where the scale of operation might preclude the high level of husbandry that is required for successful nitrogen management.

Electronic Resource

1475-2743

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract. Growing cover crops during the winter before spring-planted crops is often suggested as an effective method to decrease nitrate leaching. A four-course crop rotation (potatoes-cereal-sugarbeet-cereal) was followed through two rotations on a sandy soil in the English Midlands. Three management systems were imposed on the rotation to test their effects on nitrate loss. The effects of cover crops on nitrate leaching and crop yields were compared with the more conventional practice of over-winter bare fallow before potatoes and sugarbeet.Cover crop N uptake was variable between years, averaging 25 kg ha−1, which is typical of their performance on sandy soils in the UK. The cover crops usually decreased nitrate leaching but their effectiveness depended on good establishment before the start of drainage. Over 7 years, cover crops decreased the average N concentration in the drainage from 24 to 11 mg l−1. Potato yield and tuber N offtake increased after cover crops. Ware tuber yield increased by an average of c. 8%; this was unlikely to be due to additional N mineralization from the cover crop because the potatoes received 220–250 kg fertilizer N ha−1, and non-N effects are therefore implicated. Sugar yield was not increased following a cover crop.After 8 years of nitrate-retentive practices, there were no measurable differences in soil organic matter. However, plots that had received only half of the N fertilizer each year contained, on average, 0.14% less organic matter at the end of the experiment.

Electronic Resource

1475-2743

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) leaching losses from a shallow limestone soil growing a five course combinable croprotation (oilseed rape, wheat, peas, wheat, barley) were measured from 1990 until 1995 using porous ceramic cups, at 60 cm depth, and drainage estimates. The crops were grown with three husbandry systems and two levels of N fertilizer. The husbandry systems were designed to reflect local practice (Standard), the best possible techniques to reduce N loss (Protective) and an Intermediate system which was a compromise between the two. Nitrogen was applied at full and half recommended rates. Drainage started during September in four years and November in one year, with above average drainage in three years. Losses of N were largest after peas (58 kg/ha) and oilseed rape (42 kg/ha), and least (17 kg/ha) before peas sown in spring after a cover crop. Over five years, the Protective management system, which used early sowing and shallow cultivation wherever possible, lost least N (31 kg/ha/y) and the Standard system, with conventional drilling dates and ploughing as the primary cultivation, lost most (49 kg/ha/y). Halving the N fertilizer decreased N loss by 11 kg/ha/y, averaged over the rotation. None of the treatments gave mean drainage water nitrate concentrations of less than 50 mg/l, averaged over the five years. Changes to arable cropping alone will not eliminate the need for other measures to control nitrate concen-trations in public drinking water supplies.

Electronic Resource

1365-2524

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

This paper reports the results of the first stage of an evaluation study of a health visitor caseload weighting system. In Bristol, health visitor caseloads are compiled annually to complete caseload weighting summaries based on 28 health and social factors known to reflect long-term health outcome. The main study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the caseload weighting system by assessing health visitor variation in interpretation of the health and social factors, the accuracy of caseload factor recording and methods of analysis used in interpreting their significance. This paper describes the exploratory phase of the study involving the distribution of a questionnaire to 252 health visitors in five Trust areas where no caseload weighting system operates. The purpose of the questionnaire and follow-up interviews with 28 health visitors was to develop a multiple-choice questionnaire to assess how health and social factors were being interpreted by health visitors using them in their everyday work. The study indicated that the 28 health and social factors were perceived to significantly influence the need for health visiting services. Some differences in perception of a small number of factors were identified according to the level of deprivation on the caseload. Health visitors' prioritization of child protection, and child protection related health and social factors, raised the possibility that caseload weighting might be used as a ‘child protection check list’ rather than as an overall measure of health visitor need. Interviews showed that a range of thresholds governs the health visitors' application of a particular factor to a family. Health visitor workload is also affected by other factors relating to practice location, which would need to be taken into account if these health and social factors were to be used for estimating workload. Health visitors not currently using the factors view them positively for the assessment of health needs in an area, and for planning work on an individual or management level, but the interviews identified a need for training in their use and suggested more work is needed to tighten and standardize definitions for use in the field.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We have investigated the distribution of type VI collagen in normal human liver obtained from cadaveric renal transplant donors, using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for light microscopic visualization, and an immunogold labelling method for ultrastructural localization. The distribution was compared with that of the more abundant interstitial collagen type III, using antibodies to amino terminal procollagen type III.Staining for type VI collagen was identified in Glisson's capsule, in portal tract stroma and within the space of Disse. Perisinusoidal staining showed intra-acinar heterogeneity with the intensity in acinar zones 2 and 3 being greater than in zone 1. Type III collagen was also found in the space of Disse although no significant intra-acinar variation in staining intensity was noted. Immuno-gold labelling for type VI collagen was demonstrated on amorphous or microfilamentous material lying between, and occasionally appearing to interconnect, cross-striated collagen fibrils, whereas labelling for amino terminal procollagen type III was exclusively on fibrils. Intracellular staining for type VI collagen was noted in perisinusoidal (Ito) cells. These results confirm that type VI collagen is a ubiquitous constituent of the normal hepatic extracellular matrix and suggest that it may be synthesized by perisinusoidal (Ito) cells.The distribution of type VI collagen was also studied in biopsy material from patients with different histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. Intense staining was noted around proliferating bile ductules within developing fibrous septa and in established septa of cirrhotic liver. These observations indicate that this ‘minor’ matrix component may play an important role in hepatic fibrogenesis.

Electronic Resource

1365-2621

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Strawberries for jam production frequently undergo extended storage in sulphite liquor before conversion into jam. Using 35S-labelled sulphite an extensive equilibration of 35S-labelled species between the fruit and the liquor has been demonstrated. Most of the loss of measurable SO2 was accounted for in terms of (i) the chemical reactions during storage and (ii) the physical losses during jam production. In this work approximately 78% of the liquor sulphite was taken up by the fruit; 98.5% of this either reacted chemically or was boiled off, viz. 38% was converted to non-volatile compounds during storage, a further 11% reacted during jam making, 50% was boiled off and 1.5% remained measurable in the jam.

Electronic Resource

1365-2524

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract The reliability and validity of data collection and recording for a health visitor caseload weighting system operating in a large combined acute and community trust in Bristol was examined. Client families were recruited from all participating (service) health visitors and were interviewed by a research health visitor attached to the project. The presence or absence of 28 health needs factors, selected for their known impact on health in the longer term, was subsequently compared with the service health visitor’s own caseload records and with the computer record derived from them. Substantial differences were determined in the records obtained between the service and research health visitors and between the written and computerised records. Whilst the mean total score recorded for each family by the service health visitor was 2.0, the average of the differences in the total number of health factors recorded by the service and research health visitors was 1.9. Discrepancies were mostly associated with differences in interpretation of definitions, knowledge of recent events, changing circumstances and issues of confidentiality. Health factors at particular risk of being misinterpreted and those associated with other health factors were identified in order to propose a reduced factor set with greater inherent reliability and validity. At the level of the ward, the caseload weighting score, as currently defined, is highly correlated with standard deprivation indices in widespread common use. The results of this study indicate the need for users of the caseload weighting data to decide on the primary function of this data set – area-based community profiling or identification of at-risk client families in the community. This decision will inform further efforts to identify the most useful factors, tighten definitions, streamline data collection and train health visitors in their use. Interpretation of data will be facilitated by a scientifically developed scoring system. This work will assist trusts, both locally and nationally, in rationalising their allocation of health visiting activities to areas of greatest need.

Electronic Resource

0156-7446

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Economics

0009-6407

History

Theology and Religious Studies

BOOK REVIEWS

0014-5793

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2828

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0022-0728

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0037-7856

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0022-3999

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Psychology

Electronic Resource