Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:L. Warren)

2018-03-07

Wiley-Blackwell

2045-7758

Biology

2012-05-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

African Americans/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Disease/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Geography ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation Rate ; Pharmacogenetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Growth ; Sample Size ; Selection, Genetic

2012-06-16

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Basal Ganglia/drug effects/*physiology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Finches/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects/*physiology

2018-10-16

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

1432-1211

Key words Chicken ; Major histocompatibility complex ; Class I ; Class II ; Haplotypes

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract  Although the major histocompatibility complex of chickens (encoded in the B complex) has been studied for a number of years, almost all work has focused on the White Leghorn breed. Broiler (meat-type) chickens were derived from other breeds, including Cornish and Plymouth Rock. It was our hypothesis that new B haplotypes, not previously identified in White Leghorns, might be present in lines of broiler chickens. Furthermore, alloantisera used to identify B serotypes in Leghorn lines reportedly do not work well outside the line in which they were raised, with the result that broiler B haplotypes have not been incorporated into the universal nomenclature system. Our approach was to use a panel of B alloantisera produced to identify B serotypes within a commercial broiler breeder line (designated line A). B homozygotes identified serologically were compared by B-G genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify variable domains of expressed B-LB and B-F genes of homozygotes of most of the B serotypes in Line A, followed by cloning and nucleotide sequence determination. Comparison of B-LB and B-F sequences with standard Leghorn haplotypes demonstrated the existence of new alleles of B-L and B-F in a broiler breeder line, as well as the presence of alleles previously identified in Leghorns. In some cases, Leghorn-type alleles were in linkage with different B-G alleles in the broiler line than the common haplotypic associations found in Leghorn lines.

Electronic Resource

article

1984

Non-formale Bildung ; Curriculum ; Geschichte (Histor) ; Berufsausbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Alphabetisierung ; Thailand

International review of education, Bd. 30 (1984) H. 4, S. 441-455, 0020-8566

facet.language.eng, facet.language.ger, facet.language.fre

Literaturangaben

article

1985

Bildungsverwaltung ; Computer ; Datenbank ; Datenverarbeitung ; Information-Retrieval-System

Administration of education., Delhi: Seema Publ. (1985), S. 313-330

English

Literaturangaben 12

book

1989

English

book

1990

Bildungspolitik ; Bildungsplanung ; Bildungsverwaltung ; Computer ; Informatik ; Management ; Ausbildung ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Australien ; China ; Pakistan ; Thailand

English

article

2009

Fallstudie ; Forschungspolitik ; Spitzentechnologie ; Technologie ; Technologiepolitik ; Kommerzialisierung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Hochschulforschung ; Großbritannien

The journal of technology transfer, Bd. 34 (2009) H. 6, S. 621-636, 0892-9912

English

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Implosions of 2.5-cm-diam neon gas shells on a 1.2 μs quarter-period, 3 MA driver, FALCON, have produced no more than 7.6 kJ of kilovolt neon K-shell radiation. The incorporation of a plasma opening switch produces faster current pulses: up to 1.8 MA in 190 ns. With the higher rate of rise of current, neon gas puffs have produced up to 13.5 kJ of kilovolt K-shell radiation. Numerical calculations indicate that this increase in radiation is due to the achievement of a higher kinetic energy per ion at higher current levels. Spectroscopic measurements confirm that a significant fraction of the plasma is heated into the K-shell ionization states and that the faster current pulses increase this fraction up to 40%.

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) transiently expresses in acute wound. In non-healed wounds, MMP-9 together with other proteinases persistently elevate, which may lead excessive ECM degradation and failure of wound closure. To understand the molecular regulation of MMP-9 we investigated the signal transduction for TNF-alpha mediated induction of MMP-9 by dermal fibroblasts. TNF-alpha initiates three major signal pathways including NF-11B, JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. On the other hand, Rho-GTPase plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions including cell morphogenesis, motility, survival, angiogenesis, and mitosis. It remains unknown if the “cross talk” of these signals having a role in regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study we found that over expression of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) specifically attenuates TNF-alpha mediated induction of MMP-9. However, TNF-alpha mediated induction of MMP-3 and proMMP-2 activation was intact. NF-κB signal is regarded as a common pathway for many MMPs. Indeed, PAK did not affect TNF-alpha mediated degradation of Ikappa B, suggesting additional signal is targeted by PAK. In contrast, MMP-3 but not MMP-9 expression is specifically blocked by p38 MAK. Thus TNF-alpha induced expression of multiple MMPs in wound healing may utilize different intracellular signal pathways.

Electronic Resource

1539-6924

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories for the Savannah River based on mercury and radionuclide levels. We examine differences in fishing rates and fish consumption of 258 people interviewed while fishing along the Savannah River, as a function of age, education, ethnicity, employment history, and income, and test the assumption that the average consumption of fish is less than the recreational value of 19 kg/year assumed by risk assessors. Ethnicity and education contributed significantly to explaining variations in number of fish meals per month, serving size, and total quantity of fish consumed per year. Blacks fished more often, ate more fish meals of slightly larger serving sizes, and consumed more fish per year than did Whites. Although education and income were correlated, education contributed most significantly to behavior; people who did not graduate from high school ate fish more often, ate more fish per year, and ate more whole fish than people who graduated from high school. Computing consumption of fish for each person individually indicates that (1) people who eat fish more often also eat larger portions, (2) a substantial number of people consume more than the amount of fish used to compute risk to recreational fishermen, (3) some people consume more than the subsistence level default assumption (50 kglyear) and (4) Blacks consume more fish per year than Whites, putting them at greater risk from contaminants in fish. Overall, ethnicity, age, and education contributed to variations in fishing behavior and consumption.

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Extracellular matrix changes in composition and organization as it transitions from the provisional matrix of the fibrin/platelet plug to collagen scar in healed wounds. The manner in which individual matrix proteins affect these activities is not well established. In this article we describe the interactions of two important extracellular matrix components, fibrin and collagen, using an in vitro model of wound contraction, the fibroblast-populated collagen lattice. We utilized different fibrinogen sources and measured tissue reorganization in floating and tensioned collagen lattices. Our results showed that both fibrin and fibrinogen decreased the contraction of fibroblast populated collagen lattices in a dose-dependent manner. Polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin using thrombin had no effect on this inhibition. Further, there was no effect due to changes in protein concentration, alternate components of the fibrin sealant, or the enzymatic action of thrombin. These results suggest that the initial stability of the fibrin provisional matrix is due to the fibrin, because this protein appears to inhibit contraction of the matrix. This may be important in the early phases of wound healing when clot stability is vital for hemostasis. Later, as fibrin is replaced by collagen, wound contraction can occur. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:380–385)

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Excessive contraction of hypertrophic scar and subsequent contracture formation are a formidable problem after thermal injury. A comparison between fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar and normal skin was made with the use of fibroblast-populated collagen lattices as a measure of cellular generated contractile forces. Hypertrophic scar and normal skin fibroblasts were mixed with soluble tendon collagen and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% serum, and contraction was measured by serial area measurements. Parallel experiments in the presence of transforming growth factor-β or anti-transforming growth factor-β antibody examined the role of this cytokine on lattice contraction. Transforming growth factor-β activity was measured in an additional set of 10 biopsy specimens. Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts contract lattices at a significantly faster rate than do normal skin fibroblasts. Exogenous transforming growth factor-β increased lattice contraction by normal skin fibroblasts but had little effect on hypertrophic scar cell-populated lattices. The addition of anti-transforming growth factor-β antibody decreased lattice contraction by both cell types. Transforming growth factor-β activity was significantly increased in the hypertrophic scar biopsy specimens. Excessive scar contraction and post-burn scar contracture result from increased contraction forces generated by hypertrophic scar cells. This increased contractility appears to be mediated by increased endogenous presence of transforming growth factor-β.

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

There are numerous causes for slow or delayed wound healing. Because slowly healing wounds are often inflamed, we quantitated the inflammatory chemokine, interleukin-8, produced by slowly healing human burn wounds and compared this to interleukin-8 from healed wounds and normal intact skin. Interleukin-8 levels were increased significantly in unhealed wounds (19.7 ng/ml) compared to healed wounds (7.7 ng/ml) or normal skin (5.7 ng/ml). Interleukin-8 in these ranges was added to adult human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Interleukin-8 significantly decreased keratinocyte replication but had no effect on fibroblast replication. The rate or final degree of fibroblast populated collagen lattice contraction was inhibited at interleukin-8 concentrations between 10 and 30 ng/ml, but not altered at concentrations below 10 ng/ml and above 100 ng/ml. The concurrent application of indomethacin at 10 μg/ml reversed this interleukin-8 induced inhibition. Interleukin-8 inhibited myosin ATPase activity, apparently by reducing the phosphorylation of nonmuscle myosin light chain. We conclude that elevated levels of interleukin-8 may be found during delayed healing, and these elevated interleukin-8 levels may directly contribute to retarded wound closure.

Electronic Resource

1524-475X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Synthesis and degradation of collagen is an essential component of wound healing. In most persons, this deposition of collagen results in the formation of a fine line scar which restores much of the tensile strength to the injured tissue and is cosmetically acceptable. However, in certain individuals, the result of wound healing is the excessive accumulation of collagen, resulting in a hypertrophic scar or keloid. The precise origin of this abnormal collagen deposition is unknown, but recent studies have begun to identify potential mechanisms for these disfiguring and painful lesions. This article will review the clinical and laboratory findings pertinent to understanding the origin and treatment of excessive scarring.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A technique to extrude pure sodium wires has been developed and this has allowed the implosion of sodium wire arrays on the 4 MA, 6 TW Double Eagle generator. A maximum K-shell x-ray yield of 35 kJ was achieved. Of particular interest, as regards the sodium-neon x-ray laser scheme, is the measured 150 GW, 8 kJ in the NaX 1s2–1s2p 1P line at 11.0027 A(ring).

Electronic Resource

1600-0536

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource