Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:L. Rodgers)

2014-11-05

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Open Reading Frames/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results

2011-03-15

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Clone Cells/cytology ; Diploidy ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/secondary ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; Single-Cell Analysis/*methods

1365-2109

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

The efficacy of either crystalline (C-) amino acids (AAs) or casein as sources of protein-bound (P-) AAs for AA enrichment of either high- (540 g kg−1, dry matter) or low- (390 g kg−1, dry matter) protein diets was examined in two 6-week experiments with barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch). The AA profile of a lysine (Lys) deficient gluten-rich basal diet was enriched incrementally in five steps either by using a mixture of C-AAs (predominantly Lys) at the expense of starch or by serial substitution of the gluten with casein (a rich source of Lys). These substitutions had a minimal effect on the protein and energy composition of the diet but enriched the Lys content (and that of other critically low essential AA) of the basal diet from 18 to 31 g kg−1 in Experiment 1, and from 12 to 18 g kg−1 in Experiment 2. A high fish meal control diet was included in both experiments. In each experiment, 12 diets were compared using 48 tanks of fish held in a freshwater recirculation system maintained at 28°C and with a 12:12 h light-dark photoperiod and fed once daily to satiety.Fish growth rate and feed conversion ratio improved quadratically with AA enrichment; the response was most marked for the low-protein diets. Efficacy of AA enrichment was dose dependent. At low dietary supplementation rates (〈3.3 g Lys kg−1 for the high-protein diets and up to 6 g Lys kg−1 for the low-protein diets), C-AAs were utilized as effectively as P-AAs. No further enhancement of fish productivity was induced by higher rates of C-AA supplementation with the high-protein diets.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The ectoparasitic digenean trematode Prototransversotrema steeri was observed to infect a wide range of estuarine fish species of southern Queensland. The intensity and incidence of trematode infections on Mugil cephalus hosts were recorded and appeared to alter with the estuarine movement of the sea mullet host.Highest trematode population densities were present on post-spawning M. cephalus which had recently traversed brackish estuarine waters. Similarly, the highest prevalence of external ‘red spot’ lesions was also recorded from such fish.The degree of complicity between P. steeri and ‘red spot’ bacterial pathogens was examined and is discussed. ‘Red spot’ or ‘ulcer disease’ is presented as a disease of multiple aetiology. It is suggested that some ectoparasites and a variety of primary and secondary bacterial pathogens may interact with environmental and behavioural factors to determine the prevalence of external lesions within each affected fish species.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Spawning of coal grunter Hephaestus carbo was successfully induced using doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) between 500 and 3000 IU kg (body weight)−1. Water hardened eggs are telolecithal, amber in colour, spherical, transparent, demersal and slightly adhesive with a single large oil droplet and perivitelline space 47% of total egg volume. Cleavage begins 10–15 min after fertilization. Epiboly begins 6h after fertilization and continues for 4 h. Invagination of the neural tube is apparent 11·5 h after fertilization, followed by progressive organogenesis up to hatching 60–80 h after fertilization. An invagination in the yolk, consistent in shape, position and time of appearance among embryos spawned from numerous brood stock pairs, was visible in all fertilized eggs between neurulation (11-5 h) and early organogenesis (20 h). The functional significance of this yolk invagination is unknown. Newly-hatched larvae (4·2 mm LT) are elongate and possess well developed eyes, a functional mouth, and a large yolk sac. Yolk is fully resorbed and first feeding occurs at 6 days posthatching. The sequence of fin formation is caudal, second dorsal and anal, first dorsal, pectoral and pelvic. The prefiexion larval stage lasts for c.8 days and flexion of the notochord is complete within a further 8–9 days. Squamation commences at 30 days posthatching and transition to the juvenile life stage is complete by 35–40 days posthatching.

Electronic Resource

1365-2761

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

Abstract. An investigation was undertaken to determine the bacterial species associated with the fish disease known as ‘red spot’ which affected wild fish stocks in south-eastern Queensland. Outbreaks of the disease in the Noosa River were examined with particular reference to the sea mullet, Mugil cephalus. The bacterial flora of the skin of healthy fish as well as those exhibiting early and advanced lesions was determined. In the lower Noosa River estuary, Vibrio anguillarum was the sole organism associated with very early lesions. It was later shown that V. alginolyticus was also associated with V. anguillarum in early lesions, but was considered to be a secondary invader. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from advanced lesions on fish taken in freshwater reaches of the river. This organism was also regarded as a secondary invader.

Electronic Resource

1365-2761

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

Abstract. In March 1972 an epizootic of a non-specific fish disease (red spot), was reported in estuarine fish stocks of the Burnett River in central Queensland, Australia. The disease, characterized by the presence of external lesions, infected a wide range offish species. Red spot has now reportedly spread to the river systems of New Guinea in the north and southwards to central New South Wales. The sea mullet, Mugil cephalus, was selected as a target species for the monitoring of epizootics within the Noosa River system of southern Queensland. Disease epizootics appeared to be related to the occurrence of certain environmental changes such as low or rapidly changing temperatures and rapid or prolonged depressions of salinity in the estuarine habitat. The effect of crowding, migration and spawning upon the transmission of this disease is also discussed. Simultaneously conducted microbiological investigations indicated that the bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum was the causative agent of red spot epizootics.

Electronic Resource

0378-1119

Drosophila melanogaster ; antidepressants ; gene dunce (dnc) ; learning ; memory ; rat ; rolipram

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Electronic Resource

1433-8726

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary We evaluated the treatment of the human prostate with the Nd:YAG laser using a Cytocare Prolase II fiber. We utilized this first in 12 patients prior to radical prostatectomy and then appropriately serially sectioned the prostate to measure the depth of penetration. The studies clearly revealed that 60 W of power and 60 s of pulse duration gave the most consistent depth of penetration in the human prostate model. This depth of penetration averaged 2 cm in the glands that were removed. At the same time there was absolutely no evidence of damage to the neurovascular bundle or to the capsule of the prostate using the above-mentioned dosimetry regime. This study was then transferred to our initial experience in treating 50 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and obstructive voiding symptoms. The first 25 patients were also treated with so-called spot radiation of the prostate, whereas the second 25 patients were treated by total photoirradiation of all visible endoscopic tissue. The results reveal that both groups of patients had a fairly highly satisfactory result as measured objectively with American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores and uroflow studies. In the latter group (photoirradiation of all visible endoscopic tissue) a significantly higher dose of laser energy was utilized and a smaller failure rate was noted on a long-term basis in patients who subsequently came to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) because of failure of the laser procedure. At the same time that the patients were treated, all 50 patients underwent multiple random needle biopsies of the peripheral zone of the prostate, and at no time was there any evidence of a laser effect in the capsule of the human prostate from a dosimetry of 60 W and 60 s of pulse duration and total photoirradiation of the entire prostate. Very large doses of energy were used, ranging up to 110,000 J per case. It is our impression that the 60-W/60-s protocol will consistently yield the best results in terms of success of laser prostatectomy as measured objectively with uroflow and AUA symptom score as well as providing total safety in term of the absence of damage to the capsule of the prostate despite photoirradiation of all visible viable tissue at high total doses of energy.

Electronic Resource