Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. MacIntyre)

2015-08-08

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Animal Migration ; Animals ; Canada ; Decision Making ; Fisheries ; *Oil and Gas Fields ; Risk ; *Rivers ; *Salmon

book

1996

Lehrerbildung ; Aufsatzsammlung

English

book

1996

Lehrer ; Berufsrolle

English

book

1983

Lehrerausbildung

English

Literaturangaben S. 35 - 44

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Thirty extrinsic asthmatics were challenged by inhalation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. In twenty-four an immediate reaction was observed and in sixteen this was followed by a late reaction. Those with late reactions tended to have more severe asthma but did not report greater sensitivity to housedust mite. The occurrence of a late reaction was not related to the degree of airways obstruction before challenge or to the intensity of the immediate reaction. Patients in whom the early reaction was induced by a low dose of inhaled antigen were those most likely to develop a late response. Results of histamine challenge testing suggested that this greater sensitivity of the airway might in part be due to greater non-specific bronchial reactivity.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The density dependence of maximum flow in ten atopic asthmatics was assessed by response to breathing a helium-oxygen mixture. They were then subjected to bronchial challenge by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and density dependence re-assessed during early and late bronchial reactions. There was considerable individual variation in the density dependence before challenge and in the change in density dependence during induced bronchospasm. However, for any given individual the results were similar during early and late reactions. This suggests that the major site of airflow obstruction may vary from one asthmatic to another but that when antigen challenge is followed by a dual early and late reaction the site of obstruction is similar at each stage.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

This paper describes a comprehensive study of silver content in a subject suffering from argyria associated with the excessive use of an oral anti-smoking remedy containing silver acetate. Using neutron activation analysis and a radioactive tracer it was possible to measure directly total body silver content, the tendency to retain silver and silver concentrations in various tissues. The findings are discussed in relation to previous knowledge of the disease and indicate that the uptake of silver may be substantial following the use of oral silver preparations.

Electronic Resource

1546-1718

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] Genetic and pharmacological studies have defined a role for the melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r) in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The physiological function of Mc3r, a melanocortin receptor expressed at high levels in the hypothalamus, has remained unknown. We evaluated the potential ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Antibodies which neutralise the effects of PGI2 were raised in rabbits using the stable PGI2 analogue 6a,H-5,6-dihydro-PGI2 (PGI1) as the hapten. The preparation of these antibodies and their detailed serological specificity has been reported previously8. The ?-globulin fractions of the immune ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] IT has been suggested by Tomasi et ai1 that prostaglandin (PG) E2 inhibits the synthesis of PGI2 (prostacyclin) by endo-thelial cells. This conclusion was based mainly on their observation that the inhibition of platelet aggregation produced by a suspension of isolated hepatic cells (described as ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Previous studies of the effects of PGs on platelet aggregation used platelets suspended in citrated plasma (with most of the calcium chelated) or in calcium-free artificial media. The effects of PGEX on several biological systems are influenced by the ionised calcium concentration10'11 and platelet ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Pig aortic endothelial cells, aortic medial smooth muscle cells, and aortic adventitial fibroblasts, were isolated and grown in homogeneous monolayer cultures according to previously described methods7'8. For experiments cells were detached (0.1 % trypsin + 0.025% EDTA; 37 C; 2 min) and suspended ...

Electronic Resource

1600-0838

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Sports Science

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a proprioceptive training program (PT) vs. a strength training (ST) program on neuromuscular function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The second purpose was to establish the determinants of functional ability for the operated limb. Methods: Ten participants with unilateral ACL reconstructions were randomly assigned to one of the following 12-week training protocols: (1) isotonic ST, and (2) PT. The outcome measures were: (1) peak torque time of the hamstring muscles (PeakTT), (2) average concentric and eccentric torques of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, (3) one-legged single hop for distance (SLHD), (4) one-legged time hop (TH), and (5) subjective scores. Results: There was a significant group by time interaction effect for PeakTT (P = 0.017). The PT group demonstrated greater percent change in isokinetic torques than the ST group at the end of the 12 weeks (P ≤≤ 0.05). Participants in both groups demonstrated similar significant gains in functional ability and subjective scores (P ≤≤ 0.014). Quadriceps strength is a determinant of functional ability for the operated limb (R2 = 0.72). Conclusions: Both training protocols influenced PeakTT. The beneficial effects of ST on PeakTT appear to be load-dependent, while sufficient practice may be crucial in maintaining PeakTT improvements induced by PT. Proprioceptive training alone can induce isokinetic strength gains. Restoring and increasing quadriceps strength is essential to maximize functional ability of the operated knee joint.

Electronic Resource

0041-0020

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Sociology

0041-0020

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Sociology

BOOK REVIEWS

1420-908X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) are potent activators of human neutrophils. Using human neutrophils prelabelled with the fluorescent indicator dye, Quin 2, or with [32P]-orthophosphate, we examined the effects of these stimuli on intracellular free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, and, on various indices of phosphoinositide metabolism, including [32P]-phosphatidic acid (PtdA) formation. The concentration-dependence of the observed changes in [Ca2+]i or [32P]-PtdA were then compared to stimulus-induced aggregation and enzyme release (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and lysozyme). FMLP, PAF and LTB4 caused a concentration-dependent elevation of [Ca2+]i, aggregation and enzyme release. However, unlike FMLP and PAF, LTB4 (≦2.5 μM) did not cause significant formation of [32P]-PtdA. The concentration response curves for agonist-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i lie to the left of those for aggregation and enzyme release. FMLP and PAF also caused an elevation of [Ca2+]i at concentrations lower than those required to elicit [32P]-PtdA formation. These observations suggest that [Ca2+]i elevationper se cannot mediate human neutrophil functional responses to FMLP, PAF and LTB4. Consequently there may exist other mediator(s) that act in concert with [Ca2+]i or are triggered by [Ca2+]i elevation to promote human neutrophil activation. Both the elevation of [Ca2+]i and the formation of these putative mediator(s) in response to LTB4 apparently occur independently of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis.

Electronic Resource

1573-9368

food intake ; melanocortin-4 receptor ; metabolic rate ; MT-II

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract We evaluated the role of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC-4R) in the control of metabolic rate and food intake in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the non-selective MC-R agonist melanotan II (MT-II; a cyclic heptapeptide) increases metabolic rate in wildtype mice, while MC-4R knockout mice are insensitive to the effects of MT-II on metabolic rate. MC-4R knockout mice are also insensitive to the effects of MT-II on reducing food intake. We conclude that MC-4R can mediate control of both metabolic rate and food intake in mice. We infer that a role for MC-3R in mediating the acute effects of MT-II on basal metabolic rate and food intake in wildtype mice seems limited.

Electronic Resource

1573-2576

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute colitis was investigated using a rabbit model. Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in 30% ethanol. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured at various times after induction of colitis as an index of neutrophil infiltration, and this was confirmed by histology. The permeability of the colonie epithelium to [51Cr]EDTA was also measured at various times after induction of colitis. The most marked increase in neutrophil infiltration of the colon occurred during the period 3–6 h after induction of colitis. This was also the period in which the greatest increase in colonie permeability was observed. Pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody (IB-4) directed against the leukocyte adhesion molecule, CD18, markedly suppressed neutrophil infiltration into the colonie tissue after induction of colitis. This pretreatment also significantly reduced the extent of epithelial injury. Administration of IB-4 to rabbits 12 h after induction of colitis resulted in a rapid decline in tissue myeloperoxidase activity. When measured 12 h after IB-4 administration (3 mg/kg), colonie myeloperoxidase activity was reduced by about 80% compared to the control group treated with the vehicle. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neutrophils contribute significantly to the epithelial dysfunction that characterizes colitis and suggest that antibodies directed against adhesion molecules may represent a novel approach to the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Electronic Resource

1573-2576

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A model of acute lung injury induced by intravenous phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is described. The model is characterized by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a hemorrhagic edema in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid when measured 6 h following the administration of PMA (60 μg/kg, i.v.). It was also determined that PMA induces acute leukopenia and neutropenia which were maximal at 5 min following the injection of PMA and were sustained for at least 6 h, with circulating leukocyte numbers returning to control values by 24 h. The extents to which the inflammatory and systemic changes induced by PMA were dependent on the surface expression on leukocytes of the β2-integrins was assessed by comparing responses to PMA in control animals and animals pretreated with the anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody IB4. The administration of IB4 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before PMA did not alter the time course or extent of PMA-induced leukopenia and neutropenia. In contrast IB4 administration (0.1 to 1 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent inhibition of PMN accumulation and plasma extravasation measured in BAL fluid. IB4 (1 mg/kg) completely inhibited PMA evoked increases in plasma extravasation (94.5 ± 1.7%, N = 4) and hemorrhage (95.2 ± 2.1%, N = 4) whereas PMN accumulation in BAL fluid was inhibited by 77.8 ± 3.8% (mean ± SEM, N = 4). Thus, a small, but reproducible, component of the PMA-induced PMN accumulation was not inhibited using this regimen of IB4 administration. If IB4 administration was delayed for 3 h post injection of PMA and bronchoalveolar lavage performed 3 h later, the extents of PMN accumulation and edema formation were similar to those observed 3 h following PMA challenge in control animals not dosed with IB4. This suggests that administration of IB4 during an ongoing inflammatory response is capable of preventing the further development of inflammatory changes and further supports the therapeutic potential of CD18 blockade in conditions such as adult respiratory distress syndrome.

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