Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. Goujon)

2018-02-27

Wiley-Blackwell

0007-0963

1365-2133

Medicine

2012-03-17

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/*immunology/pathogenicity/*physiology ; HIV-2/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cells/*virology ; Nervous System Malformations/genetics ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication

2013-09-21

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/genetics/virology ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV Infections/immunology/metabolism/*prevention & control/*virology ; HIV-1/classification/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Interferons/*immunology ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcription/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Substrate Specificity ; Virus Integration ; Virus Replication

1468-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate, non-invasively on human subjects, xerotic skin and its physiological evolution over time, compared to normal skin. Two groups of 17 female subjects were studied during the winter season, one made up of subjects with normal skin and the other subjects with xerotic skin. A clinical assessment and biometrological measurements of hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed on the same area of the external antero-lateral surface of the leg at the start of the study then after three weeks. At the end of the study, the ultrastructure of stratum corneum samples taken from the same area was examined by transmission electron microscopy.Subjects with xerotic skin were selected according to their impaired cutaneous barrier function, reflected in a TEWL higher than 12 g/m 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01425463:ICS196570:ICS_196570_mu1" location="equation/ICS_196570_mu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉/h. Compared to normal subjects, they presented a hydration level more than 25% lower. After an interval of 21 days, no significant change in the hydration level or clinical appearance of the xerotic skin was observed. In contrast, the TEWL had decreased significantly (D 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01425463:ICS196570:ICS_196570_mu2" location="equation/ICS_196570_mu2.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉− D 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01425463:ICS196570:ICS_196570_mu3" location="equation/ICS_196570_mu3.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉=−3.6 g/m 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01425463:ICS196570:ICS_196570_mu4" location="equation/ICS_196570_mu4.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉/h; p 〈 0.001) but still stayed higher than normal values. Changes in the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum were also observed in the subjects with xerotic skin. Unlike normal skin, corneosomes could be detected right up to the surface layers, accompanied by intercellular lipids in an amorphous form. These observations confirm the important roles played by both corneosomes and lipid organization in the cohesion/desquamation processes.In the subjects with normal skin, the hydration level and barrier function remained unchanged during the three week study but an onset of skin dryness was observed, the mean clinical score increasing by +1.3 (p = 0.01). These results confirm that there is no direct relationship between TEWL and the severity of skin dryness. It appears that a clinical evaluation is more sensitive than biometrological measurement for describing early state of cutaneous dryness. This study highlights the importance of a regular cosmetic or dermopharmaceutical treatment during the winter to prevent xerosis apparition on legs.

Electronic Resource

1432-069X

Keratin ; Polypeptide antibodies ; Stratum corneum ; Polypeptid ; Antikörper

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Antikeratin-Polypeptidseren (K.P.S.) wurden durch Immunisierung von Meerschweinchen mit fibrösen Proteinen des Stratum corneum erhalten, welches über die S.D.S. Polyacrylamid-Gel-Elektrophorese von normaler menschlicher Epidermis gewonnen wurde. Nach Absorption mit Erythrocyten und Leberpuder wurden diese Sera mit Hilfe der indirekten Immunfluorescenztechnik an verschiedenen Substraten getestet. Es wurden Antikörper gegen Polypeptide P1 und P2 mit einem Molekulargewicht von 67 000 und 62 000 Dalton nachgewiesen, die gegen cytoplasmatische Antikörper der Keratinocyten des Stratum spinosum und des Stratum granulosum der normalen menschlichen und Kaninchenepidermis gerichtet war. Ein Nachweis in den Basalzellagen konnte nicht erbracht werden. Dadurch wurden die verschiedenen Differenzierungsstadien der Zellen belegt, die sich zu Keratinocyten entwickeln und die oberhalb der Basalschicht lokalisiert sind. Polypeptide P3 des Molekulargewichts 53 000 Dalton induzieren niedrigere Antikörpertiter, die die gesamte Epidermis markieren einschließlich der Basalzellage. Polypeptide mit einem Molekulargewicht 49 000 Dalton schienen keine immunogenetische Wirkung in diesen Experimenten zu haben. Tumoren, wie Basalzellcarcinoma und Bindezellcarcinom, wie auch Warzen, wiesen eine deutlich verminderte Expression des Keratinantigens auf. Es wurde keine Analogie zwischen experimentell erzeugten Keratinpolypeptid-Antikörper und cytoplasmatischen Antikörpern der menschlichen Epidermis.

Summary Anti-keratin polypeptide sera (K.P.S.) were obtained by immunizing guinea pigs with fibrous proteins from stratum corneum, which were acquired from normal human epidermis by means of S.D.S. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After absorption with red blood cells and liver powder the sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence technique on different substrates. Antibodies against polypeptides P1 and P2 of M.W. 67,000 and 62,000 dalton, respectively, were directed toward cytoplasmic Ag of keratinocytes of spinous and granular layer of normal human and rabbit epidermis. No labeling could be detected in the basal cell layer. This finding is in favor of various differentiation stages of the keratinizing cells. P3 of M.W. 53,000 dalton induced low titre antibodies which labelled the whole epidermis, including the basal cell layer. The fourth polypeptide of M.W. 49,000 dalton seemed not to be immunogenic in such experiences. In tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and warts, the expression of keratin antigens is markedly diminished. No analogy could be drawn between experimental keratin polypeptide antibodies and the human epidermal cytoplasmic antibodies which were detected in some patient sera.

Electronic Resource