Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. D. Gregory)

2014-03-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Connexins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Fluoroquinolones/*adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthyridines/*adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors

2012-01-28

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1432-0878

Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Number and volume ; Lymphocytes

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The authors ask the question whether the parameters “number” and “volume” are suitable for the morphometric analysis of mitochondria. In several types of cell, irregularity of mitochondrial shape makes it technically difficult, if not impossible, to obtain reliable stereological estimates of mean organelle volume or number per unit volume. Of more fundamental concern is whether number of mitochondria per cell is of any real value as a structural correlate of respiratory potential and hence as a measure of cell function. Alternative parameters might serve better for this purpose. Though the problem is illustrated by reference to quantitative studies of lymphocytes, it is also pertinent to the investigation of many other cell types.

Electronic Resource

1573-675X

Adhesion ; inflammation ; lipopolysaccharide ; macrophage ; phagocytosis ; signalling

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract In addition to its role as a mediator of innate pro-inflammatory responses following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding, the 55kDa glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked macrophage plasma membrane glycoprotein CD14 is now also known to play a role in phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Although apoptotic cell-associated ligand(s) for CD14 await definition, initial findings suggest that ligand binding occurs close to, or at the same site as, LPS binding. Significantly, in contrast to LPS clearance and in keeping with the non-phlogistic nature of apoptosis, CD14-dependent engulfment of apoptotic cells fails to elicit pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages. Therefore CD14 may be regarded as an innate immune receptor both for microbial products—after binding which activates inflammatory responses—and for self components, which either fail to induce, or alternatively actively suppress, inflammatory responses. Here we review current knowledge of the structure and functions of CD14, its ligands, its possible modes of signal transduction and its place in the panoply of macrophage molecules implicated in apoptotic-cell clearance.

Electronic Resource

0006-3592

cell death ; apoptosis ; hybridoma cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The incidence of apoptotic and necrotic cell death was compared in CHO, SF9 insect cells and murine plasmacytoma (J558L) and hybridoma (TB/C3) cells during in vitro cultivation in batch cultures. Acridine orange staining and fluorescence microscopy enabled the visualization of a classic morphological feature of apoptotic cell, the presence of condensed and/or fragmented chromatin. DNA gel electrophoresis was employed to show an additional characteristic of the process, the endonuclease-mediated fragmentation of DNA into multiples of 180 base pairs. The levels of apoptosis at the end of batch cultures of plasmacytoma and hybridoma cell lines were found to be 60% and 90% of total dead cells, respectively. However, employing the above-mentioned techniques, the biochemical and morphological features of apoptosis were not found in CHO and SF9 insect cells. Some factors affecting the induction of apoptosis during the batch culture of the hybridoma and plasmacytoma cell lines were identified. The most effective inducer was found to be glutamine limitation, followed by (in order of importance) serum limitation, glucose limitation, and ammonia toxicity. Blockage of the cell cycle of the plasmacytoma and hybridoma cells using thymidine resulted in the induction of apoptosis. This has important implications for the development of cell culture processes that minimize cell division and thereby increase specific productivity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource